Abstract
Intercropping is considered as an improved system of multiple cropping systems which safeguards crop stand and improves crop production. The main goal of intercropping is to produce high yield from piece of a land by judicious use of available resources which otherwise may not be exploited by a single crop. A study was executed to investigate productivity and resource use in a maize-grain legume intercropping at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during 2017 and 2018. Experimental treatments included maize, mungbean, mash-bean, and cowpea monocultures (sole crops), and intercropping combinations of maize + mungbean, maize + mash-bean, and maize + cowpea. Highest maize grain yield was observed in maize sole cropping (6520 and 6813 kg ha -1 ) and maize + mungbean intercropping (6375 and 6542 kg ha -1 ) during 2017 and 2018 growing seasons, respectively. Maximum seed yield in grain legumes was observed in mung and mash bean sole cropping during both years. Land equivalent ratio (LER) was maximum in maize + cowpea (1.83 and 1.87) and maize + mungbean intercropping (1.77 and 1.80) during both years, respectively. Maximum net economic return (ER) of PKR 134158 ha -1 (900 USD) was obtained from maize + mash bean intercropping system with highest benefit cost ratio (2.03) during 2017 while PKR 149358 ha -1 (1003 USD) along with benefit cost ratio (2.15) during 2018. Overall, LER and ER results indicated that maize-grain legume intercropping systems were beneficial in terms of land resource utilization and economic returns. The maize-grain legume intercropping systems are more sustainable option for small land-holding farmers in Pakistan.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Maize grain yield was highest in maize sole cropping (6520 and 6813 kg ha -1) in 2017 and 2018.
- Treatment
- maize sole croppinge1
- Outcome
- maize grain yielde1
- Direction
- Higheste1
- Value
- 6520 and 6813 kg ha -1e1
- Setting
- 2017 and 2018 growing seasonse1
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Highest maize grain yield was observed in maize sole cropping (6520 and 6813 kg ha -1 ) and maize + mungbean intercropping (6375 and 6542 kg ha -1 ) during 2017 and 2018 growing seasons, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize grain yield was highest in maize + mungbean intercropping (6375 and 6542 kg ha -1) in 2017 and 2018.
- Treatment
- maize + mungbean intercroppinge1
- Outcome
- maize grain yielde1
- Direction
- Higheste1
- Value
- 6375 and 6542 kg ha -1e1
- Setting
- 2017 and 2018 growing seasonse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Highest maize grain yield was observed in maize sole cropping (6520 and 6813 kg ha -1 ) and maize + mungbean intercropping (6375 and 6542 kg ha -1 ) during 2017 and 2018 growing seasons, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield of grain legumes was maximum in mung and mash bean sole cropping in both years.
- Taxon
- grain legumese2
- Treatment
- mung and mash bean sole croppinge2
- Outcome
- seed yielde2
- Direction
- Maximume2
- Setting
- during both yearse2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e2“Maximum seed yield in grain legumes was observed in mung and mash bean sole cropping during both years”
Claim · model-written summary
Land equivalent ratio was maximum in maize + cowpea intercropping (1.83 and 1.87) in both years.
- Treatment
- maize + cowpeae3
- Outcome
- Land equivalent ratio (LER)e3
- Direction
- maximume3
- Value
- 1.83 and 1.87e3
- Setting
- during both yearse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Land equivalent ratio (LER) was maximum in maize + cowpea (1.83 and 1.87) and maize + mungbean intercropping (1.77 and 1.80) during both years, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Land equivalent ratio was maximum in maize + mungbean intercropping (1.77 and 1.80) in both years.
- Treatment
- maize + mungbean intercroppinge3
- Outcome
- Land equivalent ratio (LER)e3
- Direction
- maximume3
- Value
- 1.77 and 1.80e3
- Setting
- during both yearse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Land equivalent ratio (LER) was maximum in maize + cowpea (1.83 and 1.87) and maize + mungbean intercropping (1.77 and 1.80) during both years, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum net economic return was PKR 134158 ha -1 (900 USD) from maize + mash bean intercropping in 2017.
- Treatment
- maize + mash bean intercropping systeme4
- Outcome
- net economic return (ER)e4
- Direction
- Maximume4
- Value
- PKR 134158 ha -1 (900 USD)e4
- Setting
- during 2017e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Maximum net economic return (ER) of PKR 134158 ha -1 (900 USD) was obtained from maize + mash bean intercropping system with highest benefit cost ratio (2.03) during 2017 while PKR 149358 ha -1 (1003 USD) along with benefit cost ratio (2.15) during 2018”
Claim · model-written summary
The benefit cost ratio was highest (2.03) for maize + mash bean intercropping in 2017.
- Treatment
- maize + mash bean intercropping systeme4
- Outcome
- benefit cost ratioe4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 2.03e4
- Setting
- during 2017e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Maximum net economic return (ER) of PKR 134158 ha -1 (900 USD) was obtained from maize + mash bean intercropping system with highest benefit cost ratio (2.03) during 2017 while PKR 149358 ha -1 (1003 USD) along with benefit cost ratio (2.15) during 2018”
Claim · model-written summary
Net economic return was PKR 149358 ha -1 (1003 USD) in 2018.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Maximum net economic return (ER) of PKR 134158 ha -1 (900 USD) was obtained from maize + mash bean intercropping system with highest benefit cost ratio (2.03) during 2017 while PKR 149358 ha -1 (1003 USD) along with benefit cost ratio (2.15) during 2018”
Claim · model-written summary
The benefit cost ratio was 2.15 in 2018.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Maximum net economic return (ER) of PKR 134158 ha -1 (900 USD) was obtained from maize + mash bean intercropping system with highest benefit cost ratio (2.03) during 2017 while PKR 149358 ha -1 (1003 USD) along with benefit cost ratio (2.15) during 2018”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize-grain legume intercropping systems were beneficial for land resource utilization and economic returns, according to the LER and ER results.
- Outcome
- beneficial in terms of land resource utilization and economic returnse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Overall, LER and ER results indicated that maize-grain legume intercropping systems were beneficial in terms of land resource utilization and economic returns”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize-grain legume intercropping is a more sustainable option for small land-holding farmers in Pakistan.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The maize-grain legume intercropping systems are more sustainable option for small land-holding farmers in Pakistan”
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