Abstract
The growth regulator, glyphosine [ N,N -bis(phosphonomethyl)glycine], and other possible metabolites of glyphosine and glyphosate [ N -(phosphonomethyl)glycine] [glycine, sarcosine, and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA)] were tested individually (0.5 mM) or as a mixture (each at 0.5 mM) for their effects on growth, extractable phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity, hydroxyphenolic-compound production, chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents, and on soluble-protein levels in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Hill’] seedlings. Most chemical treatments caused some inhibition of growth either on fresh weight accumulation or on root elongation in the light and dark over 72 h. Glyphosine was generally the most inhibitory and caused the greatest inhibition on axis dry-weight accumulation. Glyphosine significantly increased extractable PAL activity in axes of light- and dark-grown soybeans to a lesser extent than did glyphosate. AMPA had some inhibitory effects on extractable PAL activity whereas other compounds had little influence on the enzyme. These compounds had little effect on total soluble protein in axes or on soluble protein in PAL preparations from 12 to 72 h in light-or dark-grown seedlings. No in vitro effect of the chemicals on PAL activity was found at concentrations up to 0.5 mM. Hydroxyphenolic compound levels increased within 24 to 72 h (per gram fresh weight basis) in light- or dark-grown soybean axes treated with glyphosine, AMPA, or a metabolite mixture (AMPA, sarcosine, and glycine). Anthocyanin content was decreased by glyphosate and to a lesser extent by glyphosine, but was increased by AMPA and the mixture. Glyphosate significantly increased the chlorophyll a/b ratio and decreased total chlorophyll, but glyphosine decreased the chlorophyll content to a lesser degree.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Most chemical treatments inhibited fresh weight accumulation or root elongation.
- Treatment
- Most chemical treatmentse0
- Outcome
- fresh weight accumulation or on root elongatione0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Qualifier
- in the light and dark over 72 he0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Most chemical treatments caused some inhibition of growth either on fresh weight accumulation or on root elongation in the light and dark over 72 h.”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosine caused the greatest inhibition of axis dry weight accumulation.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosine was generally the most inhibitory and caused the greatest inhibition on axis dry-weight accumulation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosine increased PAL activity in soybean axes less than glyphosate.
- Taxon
- soybeans
Glycine maxe0 - Organ / stage
- axese0
- Treatment
- Glyphosinee0
- Outcome
- extractable PAL activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- light- and dark-growne0
- Comparator
- glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosine significantly increased extractable PAL activity in axes of light- and dark-grown soybeans to a lesser extent than did glyphosate.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMPA inhibited extractable PAL activity.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“AMPA had some inhibitory effects on extractable PAL activity whereas other compounds had little influence on the enzyme.”
Claim · model-written summary
Other compounds had little influence on PAL activity.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“AMPA had some inhibitory effects on extractable PAL activity whereas other compounds had little influence on the enzyme.”
Claim · model-written summary
The compounds had little effect on soluble protein in axes or PAL preparations.
- Treatment
- These compoundse0
- Outcome
- total soluble protein in axes or on soluble protein in PAL preparationse0
- Direction
- little effecte0
- Qualifier
- from 12 to 72 h in light-or dark-grown seedlingse0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“These compounds had little effect on total soluble protein in axes or on soluble protein in PAL preparations from 12 to 72 h in light-or dark-grown seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
The chemicals had no in vitro effect on PAL activity up to 0.5 mM.
- Treatment
- the chemicalse0
- Outcome
- PAL activitye0
- Direction
- No in vitro effecte0
- Qualifier
- concentrations up to 0.5 mMe0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“No in vitro effect of the chemicals on PAL activity was found at concentrations up to 0.5 mM.”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosine increased hydroxyphenolic compounds in soybean axes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- glyphosinee0
- Outcome
- Hydroxyphenolic compound levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- within 24 to 72 he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hydroxyphenolic compound levels increased within 24 to 72 h (per gram fresh weight basis) in light- or dark-grown soybean axes treated with glyphosine, AMPA, or a metabolite mixture (AMPA, sarcosine, and glycine).”
Claim · model-written summary
AMPA increased hydroxyphenolic compounds in soybean axes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- AMPAe0
- Outcome
- Hydroxyphenolic compound levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hydroxyphenolic compound levels increased within 24 to 72 h (per gram fresh weight basis) in light- or dark-grown soybean axes treated with glyphosine, AMPA, or a metabolite mixture (AMPA, sarcosine, and glycine).”
Claim · model-written summary
The metabolite mixture increased hydroxyphenolic compounds in soybean axes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- a metabolite mixture (AMPA, sarcosine, and glycine)e0
- Outcome
- Hydroxyphenolic compound levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hydroxyphenolic compound levels increased within 24 to 72 h (per gram fresh weight basis) in light- or dark-grown soybean axes treated with glyphosine, AMPA, or a metabolite mixture (AMPA, sarcosine, and glycine).”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate decreased anthocyanin content.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Anthocyanin content was decreased by glyphosate and to a lesser extent by glyphosine, but was increased by AMPA and the mixture.”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosine decreased anthocyanin content to a lesser extent.
- Treatment
- glyphosinee0
- Outcome
- Anthocyanin contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- to a lesser extente0
- Comparator
- glyphosatee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Anthocyanin content was decreased by glyphosate and to a lesser extent by glyphosine, but was increased by AMPA and the mixture.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMPA increased anthocyanin content.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Anthocyanin content was decreased by glyphosate and to a lesser extent by glyphosine, but was increased by AMPA and the mixture.”
Claim · model-written summary
The mixture increased anthocyanin content.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Anthocyanin content was decreased by glyphosate and to a lesser extent by glyphosine, but was increased by AMPA and the mixture.”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate increased the chlorophyll a/b ratio.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate significantly increased the chlorophyll a/b ratio and decreased total chlorophyll, but glyphosine decreased the chlorophyll content to a lesser degree.”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate decreased total chlorophyll.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate significantly increased the chlorophyll a/b ratio and decreased total chlorophyll, but glyphosine decreased the chlorophyll content to a lesser degree.”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosine decreased chlorophyll content to a lesser degree.
- Treatment
- glyphosinee0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- to a lesser degreee0
- Comparator
- Glyphosatee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate significantly increased the chlorophyll a/b ratio and decreased total chlorophyll, but glyphosine decreased the chlorophyll content to a lesser degree.”
The same questions in other papers
glyphosate · physiology: pigments · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.