Abstract
In 2017-2019, studies were carried out in the Republic of Tatarstan to study the effect of fungicidal treatment on the yield and grain quality of new varieties of winter wheat. The experiment scheme provided for the study of the following options: variety (factor A) - Darina, Nadezhda, Universiade; fungicidal treatment with Titul Duo at a dose of 0.25 l / ha in the heading phase (factor B), years (factor C). The predecessor is pure steam. The soil in the experiment was gray forest, medium loamy. Content in the arable layer: humus (according to Tyurin) - 3.1-3.4%; pHsal. - 5.2-5.5; K2O (according to Kirsanov) - 122-145 mg / kg of soil, P2O5 (according to Kirsanov) - 262-271 mg / kg of soil. Plot area - 25 m2. The yield and quality of grain largely depend on the phytosanitary state of winter wheat crops, in particular, on the development of diseases. The prevalence and harmfulness of leaf-stem diseases in wheat largely depends on the temperature conditions during the growing season of the crop and on the moisture conditions. As a result of the development of diseases, there is a significant decrease not only in yield, but also a deterioration in the quality characteristics of wheat grain. The highest percentage of prevalence (85%) and intensity of development (45.7%) of powdery mildew was observed in the Universiade variety. Evaluation of plants showed a low lesion of the leaf surface by leaf rust: from 18.6% in the Nadezhda variety to 24.6% in the Universiade variety. The biological effectiveness of protective measures in winter wheat crops when treated with a fungicide has been calculated. On average for varieties for three years, the biological effectiveness of the use of the drug Title Duo was more than 90%. The fungicide treatment increased the yield on average for the studied varieties by 0.55 t / ha. The maximum increase in grain yield was obtained for the Universiade variety - 0.68 t / ha. Indicators of technological quality of grain with an average for varieties increased after treatment with fungicide sowing: weight of 1000 grains per 2.2 grams; grain nature by 5.4 g / l; glassiness by 2.6%; evenness by 1.4%; the wet gluten content is 1.6%. According to the results of analysis of variance, a significant influence of the conditions of the year on the indicators of the technological quality of grain was established: on the nature of the grain (56.8%), the total glassiness of the grain (51.43%), the mass of 1000 grains (51.4%) and the gluten deformation index (52.37%). To a lesser extent, environmental conditions influenced the evenness of the grain (22.0%) and the mass fraction of gluten in the grain (21.66%). At the same time, the contribution of the fungicide to the formation of indicators of the technological quality of grain varied from 7.69% (grain evenness) to 32.43% (gluten content). The grain nature by 14.99% was determined by the fungicidal treatment of crops and only by 10.61% depended on the genotype
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Universiade had the highest powdery mildew prevalence at 85%.
- Taxon
- WINTER WHEAT
Triticum aestivumt0 - Material
- Universiadee0
- Interactor
- powdery mildewe0pathogen
- Outcome
- prevalencee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 85%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest percentage of prevalence (85%) and intensity of development (45.7%) of powdery mildew was observed in the Universiade variety”
t0“WINTER WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Universiade had the highest powdery mildew development intensity at 45.7%.
- Taxon
- WINTER WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Universiadee0
- Interactor
- powdery mildewe0pathogen
- Outcome
- intensity of developmente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 45.7%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest percentage of prevalence (85%) and intensity of development (45.7%) of powdery mildew was observed in the Universiade variety”
t0“WINTER WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf rust lesion ranged from 18.6% in Nadezhda to 24.6% in Universiade.
- Taxon
- WINTER WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Nadezhdae0
- Interactor
- leaf ruste0pathogen
- Outcome
- lesion of the leaf surface by leaf ruste0
- Value
- 18.6%e0
- Qualifier
- 24.6%e0
- Comparator
- Universiadee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low lesion of the leaf surface by leaf rust: from 18.6% in the Nadezhda variety to 24.6% in the Universiade variety”
t0“WINTER WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Title Duo biological effectiveness exceeded 90% averaged across varieties and years.
- Taxon
- WINTER WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Title Duoe0
- Outcome
- biological effectivenesse0
- Direction
- more thane0
- Value
- 90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On average for varieties for three years, the biological effectiveness of the use of the drug Title Duo was more than 90%”
t0“WINTER WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide increased mean yield by 0.55 t / ha.
- Taxon
- WINTER WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fungicide treatmente0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.55 t / hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fungicide treatment increased the yield on average for the studied varieties by 0.55 t / ha”
t0“WINTER WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Universiade had the maximum fungicide-associated grain-yield increase, 0.68 t / ha.
- Taxon
- WINTER WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Universiadee0
- Treatment
- fungicide treatmente1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 0.68 t / hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum increase in grain yield was obtained for the Universiade variety - 0.68 t / ha”
e1“fungicide treatment increased the yield”
t0“WINTER WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide raised thousand-grain weight by 2.2 grams.
- Taxon
- WINTER WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- treatment with fungicidee0
- Outcome
- weight of 1000 grainse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.2 gramse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indicators of technological quality of grain with an average for varieties increased after treatment with fungicide sowing: weight of 1000 grains per 2.2 grams”
t0“WINTER WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide raised grain nature by 5.4 g / l.
- Taxon
- WINTER WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- treatment with fungicidee0
- Outcome
- grain naturee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5.4 g / le0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased after treatment with fungicide sowing: weight of 1000 grains per 2.2 grams; grain nature by 5.4 g / l”
t0“WINTER WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide raised grain glassiness by 2.6%.
- Taxon
- WINTER WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- treatment with fungicidee0
- Outcome
- glassinesse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased after treatment with fungicide sowing: weight of 1000 grains per 2.2 grams; grain nature by 5.4 g / l; glassiness by 2.6%”
t0“WINTER WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide raised grain evenness by 1.4%.
- Taxon
- WINTER WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- treatment with fungicidee0
- Outcome
- evennesse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased after treatment with fungicide sowing: weight of 1000 grains per 2.2 grams; grain nature by 5.4 g / l; glassiness by 2.6%; evenness by 1.4%”
t0“WINTER WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide raised wet gluten content by 1.6%.
- Taxon
- WINTER WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- treatment with fungicidee0
- Outcome
- wet gluten contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased after treatment with fungicide sowing: weight of 1000 grains per 2.2 grams; grain nature by 5.4 g / l; glassiness by 2.6%; evenness by 1.4%; the wet gluten content is 1.6%”
t0“WINTER WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Year conditions explained 56.8% of grain-nature variation.
- Taxon
- WINTER WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- nature of the graine0
- Value
- 56.8%e0
- Setting
- conditions of the yeare0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant influence of the conditions of the year on the indicators of the technological quality of grain was established: on the nature of the grain (56.8%)”
t0“WINTER WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Year conditions explained 51.43% of grain glassiness variation.
- Taxon
- WINTER WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- total glassiness of the graine0
- Value
- 51.43%e0
- Setting
- conditions of the yeare0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant influence of the conditions of the year on the indicators of the technological quality of grain was established: on the nature of the grain (56.8%), the total glassiness of the grain (51.43%)”
t0“WINTER WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Year conditions explained 51.4% of thousand-grain mass variation.
- Taxon
- WINTER WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- mass of 1000 grainse0
- Value
- 51.4%e0
- Setting
- conditions of the yeare0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant influence of the conditions of the year on the indicators of the technological quality of grain was established: on the nature of the grain (56.8%), the total glassiness of the grain (51.43%), the mass of 1000 grains (51.4%)”
t0“WINTER WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Year conditions explained 52.37% of gluten deformation index variation.
- Taxon
- WINTER WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- gluten deformation indexe0
- Value
- 52.37%e0
- Setting
- conditions of the yeare0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant influence of the conditions of the year on the indicators of the technological quality of grain was established: on the nature of the grain (56.8%), the total glassiness of the grain (51.43%), the mass of 1000 grains (51.4%) and the gluten deformation index (52.37%)”
t0“WINTER WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Year conditions explained 22.0% of grain-evenness variation.
- Taxon
- WINTER WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- evenness of the graine0
- Value
- 22.0%e0
- Setting
- environmental conditionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“environmental conditions influenced the evenness of the grain (22.0%)”
t0“WINTER WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Year conditions explained 21.66% of gluten mass-fraction variation.
- Taxon
- WINTER WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- mass fraction of gluten in the graine0
- Value
- 21.66%e0
- Setting
- environmental conditionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“environmental conditions influenced the evenness of the grain (22.0%) and the mass fraction of gluten in the grain (21.66%)”
t0“WINTER WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide contribution to grain evenness was 7.69%.
- Taxon
- WINTER WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fungicidee0
- Outcome
- grain evennesse0
- Value
- 7.69%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“contribution of the fungicide to the formation of indicators of the technological quality of grain varied from 7.69% (grain evenness) to 32.43% (gluten content)”
t0“WINTER WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide contribution to gluten content was 32.43%.
- Taxon
- WINTER WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fungicidee0
- Outcome
- gluten contente0
- Value
- 32.43%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“contribution of the fungicide to the formation of indicators of the technological quality of grain varied from 7.69% (grain evenness) to 32.43% (gluten content)”
t0“WINTER WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain nature was explained 14.99% by fungicide and 10.61% by genotype.
- Taxon
- WINTER WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fungicidal treatmente0
- Outcome
- grain naturee0
- Value
- 14.99%e0
- Qualifier
- 10.61%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain nature by 14.99% was determined by the fungicidal treatment of crops and only by 10.61% depended on the genotype”
t0“WINTER WHEAT”
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