Abstract
An experimental study was conducted to determine the performance of two evaporative cooling systems, as well as the gradients of temperature and humidity along a greenhouse. The first system was the cooling unit, (CU) compared with the traditional fan-pad one, (F-P). The cooling unit was connected with two perforated ducts inside the greenhouse. The air temperatures and relative humidities on the longitudinal axis were measured outside and just after leaving the media and at each one meter from the pad media. They were also, measured in the traverse axis parallel to the pad media at distances 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 m from the edge of the greenhouse. A steady state mathematical model was modified to predict the greenhouse air temperature according to the state of the air just leaving the cooling media. According to the experimental results, the non-uniform temperature changes were observed along the greenhouses for the two systems. The average temperatures of the CU greenhouse were 27.9, 30.4, 33.2, 29.1 and 27.9 oC for outside ambient temperatures of 28.7, 32.4, 35.4, 32.1 and 29.4 oC, respectively. The ranges of temperature gradient inside the CU greenhouse were 2.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.2, and 2.1 oC. While in the F-P greenhouse, they were 5.9, 7.4, 8.2, 5.9 and 6.1 oC for the same ambient temperatures. The average air temperature entering to greenhouse was approximately 6.82 and 7.09 ºC lower than the outside air temperature for CU and F-P systems. The greenhouse of CU system was higher in the relative humidity than F-P one. The average relative humidities were 69.0 and 61.8% for the CU and F-P greenhouses, respectively, with increase percent 12.38%. The averages CU efficiencies were 77.55% and 74.79% in the first and second days, respectively, while they were 72.97% and 70.19% for the same days for F-P system. Consequently, the CU system was averagely more efficient than the F-P system by 6.29% and 6.58%. The water flow rate of the two systems to permit optimum wetness and air saturation were 5.6 and 6.5 L/min for the CU and F-P evaporative cooling systems, respectively. The saving percentage in water circulation was 16.1% for the CU system. The total yield per plant was 6.24 and 5.48 kg/plant for the CU and F-P systems, respectively. The CU system increased the yield per plant with 13.82% over the F-P system.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Air temperature changes along the greenhouses were non-uniform for both cooling systems.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt1 - Outcome
- non-uniform temperature changese1
- Setting
- greenhousese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Tomato Productivity”
e1“the non-uniform temperature changes were observed along the greenhouses for the two systems”
Claim · model-written summary
The temperature gradient inside the CU greenhouse was lower than in the F-P greenhouse.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt1
- Treatment
- cooling unite1
- Outcome
- temperature gradiente2
- Direction
- lowerinferrede2
- Value
- 2.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.2, and 2.1 oCe2
- Qualifier
- 5.9, 7.4, 8.2, 5.9 and 6.1 oCe3
- Comparator
- F-P greenhousee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Tomato Productivity”
e1“The first system was the cooling unit, (CU) compared with the traditional fan-pad one, (F-P)”
e2“The ranges of temperature gradient inside the CU greenhouse were 2.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.2, and 2.1 oC”
e3“While in the F-P greenhouse, they were 5.9, 7.4, 8.2, 5.9 and 6.1 oC for the same ambient temperatures”
Claim · model-written summary
The average air temperature entering the greenhouse was lower than outside air temperature by 6.82 and 7.09 ºC for the CU and F-P systems.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt1
- Outcome
- average air temperature entering to greenhousee4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Value
- 6.82 and 7.09 ºCe4
- Comparator
- outside air temperaturee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Tomato Productivity”
e4“The average air temperature entering to greenhouse was approximately 6.82 and 7.09 ºC lower than the outside air temperature for CU and F-P systems”
Claim · model-written summary
The CU greenhouse had higher relative humidity than the F-P greenhouse, at 69.0% and 61.8%.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt1
- Treatment
- CU systeme5
- Outcome
- relative humiditye5
- Direction
- highere5
- Value
- 69.0 and 61.8%e6
- Comparator
- F-P onee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Tomato Productivity”
e5“The greenhouse of CU system was higher in the relative humidity than F-P one”
e6“The average relative humidities were 69.0 and 61.8% for the CU and F-P greenhouses, respectively, with increase percent 12.38%”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative humidity in the CU greenhouse increased by 12.38%.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt1
- Outcome
- relative humiditiese6
- Value
- 12.38%e6
- Qualifier
- with increase percente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Tomato Productivity”
e6“The average relative humidities were 69.0 and 61.8% for the CU and F-P greenhouses, respectively, with increase percent 12.38%”
Claim · model-written summary
The CU system was more efficient than the F-P system by 6.29% and 6.58%.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt1
- Treatment
- CU systeme2
- Outcome
- efficienciese1
- Direction
- more efficiente2
- Value
- 6.29% and 6.58%e2
- Comparator
- F-P systeme2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Tomato Productivity”
e1“The averages CU efficiencies were 77.55% and 74.79% in the first and second days, respectively, while they were 72.97% and 70.19% for the same days for F-P system”
e2“Consequently, the CU system was averagely more efficient than the F-P system by 6.29% and 6.58%”
Claim · model-written summary
The CU system saved 16.1% of water circulation.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt1
- Outcome
- saving percentage in water circulatione1
- Value
- 16.1%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Tomato Productivity”
e1“The saving percentage in water circulation was 16.1% for the CU system”
Claim · model-written summary
Water flow rates to permit optimum wetness and air saturation were 5.6 and 6.5 L/min for the CU and F-P systems.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt1
- Outcome
- water flow ratee1
- Value
- 5.6 and 6.5 L/mine1
- Qualifier
- to permit optimum wetness and air saturatione1
- Comparator
- F-P evaporative cooling systemse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Tomato Productivity”
e1“The water flow rate of the two systems to permit optimum wetness and air saturation were 5.6 and 6.5 L/min for the CU and F-P evaporative cooling systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Total yield per plant was 6.24 and 5.48 kg for the CU and F-P systems.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt1
- Outcome
- total yield per plante1
- Value
- 6.24 and 5.48 kg/plante1
- Comparator
- F-P systemse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Tomato Productivity”
e1“The total yield per plant was 6.24 and 5.48 kg/plant for the CU and F-P systems”
Claim · model-written summary
The CU system increased yield per plant by 13.82% over the F-P system.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt1
- Treatment
- CU systeme1
- Outcome
- yield per plante1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 13.82%e1
- Comparator
- F-P systeme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Tomato Productivity”
e1“The CU system increased the yield per plant with 13.82% over the F-P system”
Claim · model-written summary
Average greenhouse temperatures in the CU greenhouse were 27.9 to 33.2 ºC for outside ambient temperatures of 28.7 to 35.4 ºC.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt1
- Outcome
- average temperaturese1
- Value
- 27.9, 30.4, 33.2, 29.1 and 27.9 oCe1
- Qualifier
- for outside ambient temperatures of 28.7, 32.4, 35.4, 32.1 and 29.4 oCe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Tomato Productivity”
e1“The average temperatures of the CU greenhouse were 27.9, 30.4, 33.2, 29.1 and 27.9 oC for outside ambient temperatures of 28.7, 32.4, 35.4, 32.1 and 29.4 oC”
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