Abstract
The aim of this experimental work was to investigate the effect of utilizing different rates of dried biogas digester residue as organic fertilizer and solar energy for heating greenhouse on growth, development, productivity, and fruit quality of tomato hybrid (Agiad 7) during winter of two following growing seasons (2013 and 2014). Two similar gable-even-span greenhouses were functioned at EL-Sabahia Horticultural Research Station. The seedlings of tomato hybrid Agiad 7 were planted on the 1st week of December during the two growing seasons under two different greenhouse microclimates. The first greenhouse (GH1) was equipped with a complete heating system utilizing the solar energy, while, the second greenhouse (GH2) was mechanically ventilated during daylight without heating system. Referring to the effect of the solar heating system on the greenhouse microclimate, the obtained results revealed that, the maximum and minimum indoor air temperatures of greenhouse (GH1) were (24.3 and 11.6), (26.0 and 12.1), (28.1 and 15.2), (28.6 and 16.3) and (30.6 and 17.1) oC during the experimental period (from December to April), respectively. On the other hand, the maximum and minimum indoor air temperatures of the greenhouse (GH2) were (25.3 and 6.0), (26.8 and 6.3), (28.0 and 10.8), (29.8 and 13.4) and (32.6 and 15.3) oC during the same period, respectively. Referring to the effect of organic fertilizer rates on the tomato plant vegetative growth, showed that increasing the organic fertilizer rate significantly increased all the studied characters; plant length, leaf area, number of leaves per plant, dry weight and stem diameter in both seasons whereas, the fresh weight increase was not significant in 2014 season. The data also, showed that plants fertilized with 30 m3/fed from dried biogas residue gave the best vegetative growth characteristics; plant height, leaf area, fresh, dry weight per plant and stem diameter as compared with other used organic levels in both seasons. Early yield, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight, total yield per plant and total yield per feddan were significantly increased by increasing the organic fertilizer rate in both 2013 and 2014 seasons. For the heated greenhouse (GH1), the percentages increase in early yield, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight, total yield per plant and total yield per feddan were 28.64, 13.04, 6.89, 20.84 and 20.84%, respectively for dried biogas residue of 30 m3/fed over those of farm yard manure, respectively in 2013 season. For the unheated greenhouse (GH2), the percentages increase in early yield, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight, total yield per plant and total yield per feddan over those of farm yard manure were 13.18, 16.29, 8.30, 25.52 and 25.52%, respectively for 30 m3/fed dried biogas residues in same season. Whereas, in the second season 2014, for the heated greenhouse (GH1), the percentages increase in early yield, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight, total yield per plant and total yield per feddan over those of farm yard manure were 24.87, 11.18, 6.89, 18.86 and 18.86%, respectively for 30 m3/fed dried biogas residue, respectively. For the unheated greenhouse (GH2), the percentages increase in early yield, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight, total yield per plant and total yield per feddan over those of farm yard manure were 17.18, 16.29, 5.87, 22.84 and 22.84%, respectively for 30 m3/fed dried biogas residues in same season. Concerning effect of the microclimatic conditions of (GH1) it was at and around the optimal level for the tomato crop, resulting in increase the tomato growth, development, and productivity. The percentages increase for greenhouse GH1 over GH2 greenhouse in early yield, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight, total yield per plant and total yield per feddan were 21.32, 17.42, 12.87, 32.28 and 32.28%, respectively, in 2013 season while, they were 16.06, 15.33, 10.14, 27.08 and 27.08%, respectively in 2014 season.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing the organic fertilizer rate significantly increases plant length, leaf area and number of leaves per plant.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume3 - Treatment
- organic fertilizer ratee1
- Outcome
- plant length, leaf area, number of leaves per plante1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“tomato hybrid (Agiad 7)”
e1“increasing the organic fertilizer rate significantly increased all the studied characters; plant length, leaf area, number of leaves per plant, dry weight and stem diameter in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing the organic fertilizer rate significantly increases dry weight and stem diameter of tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- organic fertilizer ratee1
- Outcome
- dry weight and stem diametere1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“tomato hybrid (Agiad 7)”
e1“increasing the organic fertilizer rate significantly increased all the studied characters; plant length, leaf area, number of leaves per plant, dry weight and stem diameter in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
The increase in fresh weight from increasing the organic fertilizer rate is not significant in 2014.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- organic fertilizer ratee1
- Outcome
- fresh weighte2
- Direction
- increasee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“tomato hybrid (Agiad 7)”
e1“increasing the organic fertilizer rate significantly increased all the studied characters; plant length, leaf area, number of leaves per plant, dry weight and stem diameter in both seasons”
e2“the fresh weight increase was not significant in 2014 season”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants fertilized with 30 m3/fed dried biogas residue have the best vegetative growth characteristics.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- plants fertilized with 30 m3/fed from dried biogas residuee1
- Outcome
- vegetative growth characteristicse1
- Direction
- beste1
- Comparator
- other used organic levelse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“tomato hybrid (Agiad 7)”
e1“plants fertilized with 30 m3/fed from dried biogas residue gave the best vegetative growth characteristics; plant height, leaf area, fresh, dry weight per plant and stem diameter as compared with other used organic levels”
Claim · model-written summary
In the heated greenhouse GH1 in 2013, dried biogas residue of 30 m3/fed raises early yield by 28.64% over farm yard manure.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- dried biogas residue of 30 m3/fede1
- Outcome
- early yielde1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 28.64e1
- Comparator
- farm yard manuree1
- Setting
- heated greenhouse (GH1)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“tomato hybrid (Agiad 7)”
e1“For the heated greenhouse (GH1), the percentages increase in early yield, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight, total yield per plant and total yield per feddan were 28.64, 13.04, 6.89, 20.84 and 20.84%, respectively for dried biogas residue of 30 m3/fed over those of farm yard manure, respectively in 2013 season”
Claim · model-written summary
In the heated greenhouse GH1 in 2013, dried biogas residue of 30 m3/fed raises number of fruit per plant by 13.04% over farm yard manure.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- dried biogas residue of 30 m3/fede1
- Outcome
- number of fruit per plante1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 13.04e1
- Comparator
- farm yard manuree1
- Setting
- heated greenhouse (GH1)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“tomato hybrid (Agiad 7)”
e1“For the heated greenhouse (GH1), the percentages increase in early yield, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight, total yield per plant and total yield per feddan were 28.64, 13.04, 6.89, 20.84 and 20.84%, respectively for dried biogas residue of 30 m3/fed over those of farm yard manure, respectively in 2013 season”
Claim · model-written summary
In the heated greenhouse GH1 in 2013, dried biogas residue of 30 m3/fed raises fruit weight by 6.89% over farm yard manure.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- dried biogas residue of 30 m3/fede1
- Outcome
- fruit weighte1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 6.89e1
- Comparator
- farm yard manuree1
- Setting
- heated greenhouse (GH1)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“tomato hybrid (Agiad 7)”
e1“For the heated greenhouse (GH1), the percentages increase in early yield, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight, total yield per plant and total yield per feddan were 28.64, 13.04, 6.89, 20.84 and 20.84%, respectively for dried biogas residue of 30 m3/fed over those of farm yard manure, respectively in 2013 season”
Claim · model-written summary
In the heated greenhouse GH1 in 2013, dried biogas residue of 30 m3/fed raises total yield per plant by 20.84% over farm yard manure.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- dried biogas residue of 30 m3/fede1
- Outcome
- total yield per plante1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 20.84e1
- Comparator
- farm yard manuree1
- Setting
- heated greenhouse (GH1)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“tomato hybrid (Agiad 7)”
e1“For the heated greenhouse (GH1), the percentages increase in early yield, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight, total yield per plant and total yield per feddan were 28.64, 13.04, 6.89, 20.84 and 20.84%, respectively for dried biogas residue of 30 m3/fed over those of farm yard manure, respectively in 2013 season”
Claim · model-written summary
In the heated greenhouse GH1 in 2013, dried biogas residue of 30 m3/fed raises total yield per feddan by 20.84% over farm yard manure.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- dried biogas residue of 30 m3/fede1
- Outcome
- total yield per feddane1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 20.84e1
- Comparator
- farm yard manuree1
- Setting
- heated greenhouse (GH1)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“tomato hybrid (Agiad 7)”
e1“For the heated greenhouse (GH1), the percentages increase in early yield, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight, total yield per plant and total yield per feddan were 28.64, 13.04, 6.89, 20.84 and 20.84%, respectively for dried biogas residue of 30 m3/fed over those of farm yard manure, respectively in 2013 season”
Claim · model-written summary
In the unheated greenhouse GH2 in 2013, dried biogas residue of 30 m3/fed raises early yield by 13.18% over farm yard manure.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- 30 m3/fed dried biogas residuese1
- Outcome
- early yielde1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 13.18e1
- Comparator
- farm yard manuree1
- Setting
- unheated greenhouse (GH2)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“tomato hybrid (Agiad 7)”
e1“For the unheated greenhouse (GH2), the percentages increase in early yield, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight, total yield per plant and total yield per feddan over those of farm yard manure were 13.18, 16.29, 8.30, 25.52 and 25.52%, respectively for 30 m3/fed dried biogas residues in same season”
Claim · model-written summary
In the unheated greenhouse GH2 in 2013, dried biogas residue of 30 m3/fed raises number of fruit per plant by 16.29% over farm yard manure.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- 30 m3/fed dried biogas residuese1
- Outcome
- number of fruit per plante1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 16.29e1
- Comparator
- farm yard manuree1
- Setting
- unheated greenhouse (GH2)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“tomato hybrid (Agiad 7)”
e1“For the unheated greenhouse (GH2), the percentages increase in early yield, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight, total yield per plant and total yield per feddan over those of farm yard manure were 13.18, 16.29, 8.30, 25.52 and 25.52%, respectively for 30 m3/fed dried biogas residues in same season”
Claim · model-written summary
In the unheated greenhouse GH2 in 2013, dried biogas residue of 30 m3/fed raises fruit weight by 8.30% over farm yard manure.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- 30 m3/fed dried biogas residuese1
- Outcome
- fruit weighte1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 8.30e1
- Comparator
- farm yard manuree1
- Setting
- unheated greenhouse (GH2)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“tomato hybrid (Agiad 7)”
e1“For the unheated greenhouse (GH2), the percentages increase in early yield, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight, total yield per plant and total yield per feddan over those of farm yard manure were 13.18, 16.29, 8.30, 25.52 and 25.52%, respectively for 30 m3/fed dried biogas residues in same season”
Claim · model-written summary
In the unheated greenhouse GH2 in 2013, dried biogas residue of 30 m3/fed raises total yield per plant by 25.52% over farm yard manure.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- 30 m3/fed dried biogas residuese1
- Outcome
- total yield per plante1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 25.52e1
- Comparator
- farm yard manuree1
- Setting
- unheated greenhouse (GH2)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“tomato hybrid (Agiad 7)”
e1“For the unheated greenhouse (GH2), the percentages increase in early yield, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight, total yield per plant and total yield per feddan over those of farm yard manure were 13.18, 16.29, 8.30, 25.52 and 25.52%, respectively for 30 m3/fed dried biogas residues in same season”
Claim · model-written summary
In the unheated greenhouse GH2 in 2013, dried biogas residue of 30 m3/fed raises total yield per feddan by 25.52% over farm yard manure.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- 30 m3/fed dried biogas residuese1
- Outcome
- total yield per feddane1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 25.52e1
- Comparator
- farm yard manuree1
- Setting
- unheated greenhouse (GH2)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“tomato hybrid (Agiad 7)”
e1“For the unheated greenhouse (GH2), the percentages increase in early yield, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight, total yield per plant and total yield per feddan over those of farm yard manure were 13.18, 16.29, 8.30, 25.52 and 25.52%, respectively for 30 m3/fed dried biogas residues in same season”
Claim · model-written summary
In the heated greenhouse GH1 in 2014, dried biogas residue of 30 m3/fed raises early yield by 24.87% over farm yard manure.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- 30 m3/fed dried biogas residuee1
- Outcome
- early yielde1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 24.87e1
- Comparator
- farm yard manuree1
- Setting
- heated greenhouse (GH1)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“tomato hybrid (Agiad 7)”
e1“for the heated greenhouse (GH1), the percentages increase in early yield, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight, total yield per plant and total yield per feddan over those of farm yard manure were 24.87, 11.18, 6.89, 18.86 and 18.86%, respectively for 30 m3/fed dried biogas residue”
Claim · model-written summary
In the heated greenhouse GH1 in 2014, dried biogas residue of 30 m3/fed raises total yield per feddan by 18.86% over farm yard manure.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- 30 m3/fed dried biogas residuee1
- Outcome
- total yield per feddane1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 18.86e1
- Comparator
- farm yard manuree1
- Setting
- heated greenhouse (GH1)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“tomato hybrid (Agiad 7)”
e1“for the heated greenhouse (GH1), the percentages increase in early yield, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight, total yield per plant and total yield per feddan over those of farm yard manure were 24.87, 11.18, 6.89, 18.86 and 18.86%, respectively for 30 m3/fed dried biogas residue”
Claim · model-written summary
In the unheated greenhouse GH2 in 2014, dried biogas residue of 30 m3/fed raises total yield per feddan by 22.84% over farm yard manure.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- 30 m3/fed dried biogas residuese1
- Outcome
- total yield per feddane1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 22.84e1
- Comparator
- farm yard manuree1
- Setting
- unheated greenhouse (GH2)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“tomato hybrid (Agiad 7)”
e1“For the unheated greenhouse (GH2), the percentages increase in early yield, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight, total yield per plant and total yield per feddan over those of farm yard manure were 17.18, 16.29, 5.87, 22.84 and 22.84%, respectively for 30 m3/fed dried biogas residues in same season”
Claim · model-written summary
Heated greenhouse GH1 raises total yield per feddan by 32.28% over greenhouse GH2 in 2013.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- greenhouse GH1e1
- Outcome
- total yield per feddane1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 32.28e1
- Comparator
- GH2 greenhousee1
- Setting
- 2013 seasone1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“tomato hybrid (Agiad 7)”
e1“The percentages increase for greenhouse GH1 over GH2 greenhouse in early yield, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight, total yield per plant and total yield per feddan were 21.32, 17.42, 12.87, 32.28 and 32.28%, respectively, in 2013 season”
Claim · model-written summary
Heated greenhouse GH1 raises total yield per feddan by 27.08% over greenhouse GH2 in 2014.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- greenhouse GH1e1
- Outcome
- total yield per feddane1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 27.08e2
- Comparator
- GH2 greenhousee1
- Setting
- 2014 seasone2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“tomato hybrid (Agiad 7)”
e1“The percentages increase for greenhouse GH1 over GH2 greenhouse in early yield, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight, total yield per plant and total yield per feddan were 21.32, 17.42, 12.87, 32.28 and 32.28%, respectively, in 2013 season”
e2“while, they were 16.06, 15.33, 10.14, 27.08 and 27.08%, respectively in 2014 season”
Claim · model-written summary
In the unheated greenhouse GH2 in 2014, dried biogas residue of 30 m3/fed raises early yield by 17.18% over farm yard manure.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- 30 m3/fed dried biogas residuese1
- Outcome
- early yielde1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 17.18e1
- Comparator
- farm yard manuree1
- Setting
- unheated greenhouse (GH2)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“tomato hybrid (Agiad 7)”
e1“For the unheated greenhouse (GH2), the percentages increase in early yield, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight, total yield per plant and total yield per feddan over those of farm yard manure were 17.18, 16.29, 5.87, 22.84 and 22.84%, respectively for 30 m3/fed dried biogas residues in same season”
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