Abstract
In this study, we evaluated crop productivity and physiology during the hydroponic cultivation of medium-sized and cherry tomato crops, using two experimental greenhouses. Of the greenhouses, one used dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) technology for covering material, whilst the other, a conventional one (CONV), was covered using diffusion glass as a control. The effect of the colored lighting that resulted from the DSSC glass filtering on the physiological response of the crops was examined by measuring the plant transpiration rate and leaf chlorophyll content. Furthermore, we evaluated potential differences in the concentration of phytochemical compounds, such as ascorbic acid, lycopene, and quality characteristics. Tomato plants in the DSSC greenhouse presented lower early and total yields, as well as lower chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate values, especially in the medium-sized fruits, as compared to the CONV greenhouse. The DSSC greenhouse showed significantly higher values of bioactive compounds for both the cherry and medium-sized tomato, with increases in the ascorbic acid, lycopene, β-carotene, and total carotenoids concentration, which ranged from 6% to 26%. Finally, for both the hybrids, the 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) tests showed circa 10% and 5% increase, respectively, in the DSSC greenhouse.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
DSSC lowered early tomato yield.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- DSSC greenhousee0
- Outcome
- earlye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- CONV greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato plants in the DSSC greenhouse presented lower early and total yields, as well as lower chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate values, especially in the medium-sized fruits, as compared to the CONV greenhouse.”
Claim · model-written summary
DSSC lowered total tomato yield.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- DSSC greenhousee0
- Outcome
- total yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- CONV greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato plants in the DSSC greenhouse presented lower early and total yields, as well as lower chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate values, especially in the medium-sized fruits, as compared to the CONV greenhouse.”
Claim · model-written summary
DSSC lowered chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- DSSC greenhousee0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- CONV greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato plants in the DSSC greenhouse presented lower early and total yields, as well as lower chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate values, especially in the medium-sized fruits, as compared to the CONV greenhouse.”
Claim · model-written summary
DSSC lowered stomatal conductance.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- DSSC greenhousee0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- CONV greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato plants in the DSSC greenhouse presented lower early and total yields, as well as lower chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate values, especially in the medium-sized fruits, as compared to the CONV greenhouse.”
Claim · model-written summary
DSSC lowered photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- DSSC greenhousee0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- CONV greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato plants in the DSSC greenhouse presented lower early and total yields, as well as lower chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate values, especially in the medium-sized fruits, as compared to the CONV greenhouse.”
Claim · model-written summary
DSSC lowered transpiration rate.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- DSSC greenhousee0
- Outcome
- transpiration ratee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- CONV greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato plants in the DSSC greenhouse presented lower early and total yields, as well as lower chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate values, especially in the medium-sized fruits, as compared to the CONV greenhouse.”
Claim · model-written summary
DSSC increased ascorbic acid concentration by a reported range of 6% to 26%.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- DSSC greenhousee0
- Outcome
- ascorbic acide0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 6% to 26%e0
- Qualifier
- both the cherry and medium-sized tomatoe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The DSSC greenhouse showed significantly higher values of bioactive compounds for both the cherry and medium-sized tomato, with increases in the ascorbic acid, lycopene, β-carotene, and total carotenoids concentration, which ranged from 6% to 26%.”
Claim · model-written summary
DSSC increased lycopene concentration within the reported 6% to 26% range.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- DSSC greenhousee0
- Outcome
- lycopenee0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 6% to 26%e0
- Qualifier
- both the cherry and medium-sized tomatoe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The DSSC greenhouse showed significantly higher values of bioactive compounds for both the cherry and medium-sized tomato, with increases in the ascorbic acid, lycopene, β-carotene, and total carotenoids concentration, which ranged from 6% to 26%.”
Claim · model-written summary
DSSC increased beta-carotene concentration within the reported 6% to 26% range.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- DSSC greenhousee0
- Outcome
- β-carotenee0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 6% to 26%e0
- Qualifier
- both the cherry and medium-sized tomatoe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The DSSC greenhouse showed significantly higher values of bioactive compounds for both the cherry and medium-sized tomato, with increases in the ascorbic acid, lycopene, β-carotene, and total carotenoids concentration, which ranged from 6% to 26%.”
Claim · model-written summary
DSSC increased total carotenoid concentration within the reported 6% to 26% range.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- DSSC greenhousee0
- Outcome
- total carotenoids concentratione0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 6% to 26%e0
- Qualifier
- both the cherry and medium-sized tomatoe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The DSSC greenhouse showed significantly higher values of bioactive compounds for both the cherry and medium-sized tomato, with increases in the ascorbic acid, lycopene, β-carotene, and total carotenoids concentration, which ranged from 6% to 26%.”
Claim · model-written summary
ABTS test values increased by circa 10% in the DSSC greenhouse.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- DSSC greenhousee0
- Outcome
- (ABTS)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- circa 10%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Finally, for both the hybrids, the 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) tests showed circa 10% and 5% increase, respectively, in the DSSC greenhouse.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
DPPH test values increased by circa 5% in the DSSC greenhouse.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- DSSC greenhousee0
- Outcome
- (DPPH)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Finally, for both the hybrids, the 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) tests showed circa 10% and 5% increase, respectively, in the DSSC greenhouse.”
t0“Tomato”
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