Abstract
High-tech greenhouse production of vegetables has been proposed as a path to sustainable intensification of food production. While these systems have clear productivity advantages, there are outstanding questions around their overall sustainability that merit evaluation. Using a simulation approach, we assessed crop yields, water, energy, and greenhouse gas footprints, average cost per unit of tomato produced, and net income for Washington State, United States as a case study. Compared to open-field production, high-tech greenhouse resulted in 6.4 times yield per unit area with 231 times energy, 18 times greenhouse gas, and 0.74 times water footprints (per unit of fresh tomato mass). Greenhouse tomato cultivation would need to focus on both reducing the energy needs and shifting to cleaner sources to reduce environmental impacts and lead to sustainable intensification of food production.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
High-tech greenhouse tomato production gave 6.4 times the yield per unit area of open-field production in simulated Washington State production.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- high-tech greenhousee1
- Outcome
- yield per unit areae1
- Direction
- higherinferrede1
- Value
- 6.4 timese1
- Comparator
- open-field productione1
- Setting
- Washington State, United Statese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using a simulation approach, we assessed crop yields, water, energy, and greenhouse gas footprints, average cost per unit of tomato produced, and net income for Washington State, United States as a case study”
e1“Compared to open-field production, high-tech greenhouse resulted in 6.4 times yield per unit area”
Claim · model-written summary
High-tech greenhouse tomato production had a 231 times higher energy footprint per unit of tomato mass than open-field production.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- high-tech greenhousee1
- Outcome
- energye2
- Direction
- higherinferrede1
- Value
- 231 timese2
- Comparator
- open-field productione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using a simulation approach, we assessed crop yields, water, energy, and greenhouse gas footprints, average cost per unit of tomato produced, and net income for Washington State, United States as a case study”
e1“Compared to open-field production, high-tech greenhouse resulted in 6.4 times yield per unit area”
e2“with 231 times energy, 18 times greenhouse gas, and 0.74 times water footprints”
Claim · model-written summary
High-tech greenhouse tomato production had an 18 times higher greenhouse gas footprint per unit of tomato mass than open-field production.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- high-tech greenhousee1
- Outcome
- greenhouse gase2
- Direction
- higherinferrede1
- Value
- 18 timese2
- Comparator
- open-field productione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using a simulation approach, we assessed crop yields, water, energy, and greenhouse gas footprints, average cost per unit of tomato produced, and net income for Washington State, United States as a case study”
e1“Compared to open-field production, high-tech greenhouse resulted in 6.4 times yield per unit area”
e2“with 231 times energy, 18 times greenhouse gas, and 0.74 times water footprints”
Claim · model-written summary
High-tech greenhouse tomato production had a 0.74 times lower water footprint per unit of fresh tomato mass than open-field production.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- high-tech greenhousee1
- Outcome
- water footprintse2
- Direction
- lowerinferrede1
- Value
- 0.74 timese2
- Comparator
- open-field productione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using a simulation approach, we assessed crop yields, water, energy, and greenhouse gas footprints, average cost per unit of tomato produced, and net income for Washington State, United States as a case study”
e1“Compared to open-field production, high-tech greenhouse resulted in 6.4 times yield per unit area”
e2“with 231 times energy, 18 times greenhouse gas, and 0.74 times water footprints”
Claim · model-written summary
Greenhouse tomato cultivation should focus on reducing energy needs and shifting to cleaner energy sources to reduce environmental impacts.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Outcome
- focus on both reducing the energy needs and shifting to cleaner sourcese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Greenhouse tomato cultivation would need to focus on both reducing the energy needs and shifting to cleaner sources”
The same questions in other papers
cultivation system · molecular: metabolites · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
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- positive
- positive
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See all 16 papers →cultivation system · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
77 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
99 papers more in this group
See all 103 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.