Abstract
Tomato mottle mosaic virus, a new species in the genus Tobamovirus and family Virgaviridae, was first reported on tomato in Mexico in 2013 (Li et al. 2013). Subsequently, tomato mottle mosaic virus (ToMMV) was found infecting pepper and eggplant in China (Li et al. 2014; Chai et al. 2018). ToMMV was thought to pose a serious risk to solanaceous crops due to its potential to break resistance and numerous transmission ways (Li et al. 2020), meanwhile, some plant species in the families of Amaranthaceae, Brassicaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Verbenaceae, were found as the hosts of ToMMV under experimental condition (Sui et al. 2017; Li et al. 2020). To clarify the occurrence of ToMMV in Yunnan province of China, 395 plant samples, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.), exhibiting viral-like symptoms were collected in major crop plantations in Yunnan province in 2020. Total nucleic acids were extracted from the diseased samples using a CTAB method (Li et al. 2008), and tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with ToMMV specific primers, ToMMVMPF (5'-ATGGCTCTAACTGTTAGTGGT-3') and ToMMVMPR (5'-TTAATACGAATCAGATCCCGCG-3'), which were designed based on the movement protein gene sequence of ToMMV YYMLJ isolate (KR824950). ToMMV was detected in 13 symptomatic samples (11 cherry tomato and 2 green pea plants) with a total detection rate of 3.29%. An 807-bp fragment was amplified from 2 out of 86 pea samples showing foliar chlorosis, mosaic, malformation and necrosis symptoms, and the amplicons were cloned and sequenced. Sequences obtained from the two pea samples were identical. Therefore, one sequence was deposited in the GenBank (accession no. MW561348). BLAST search result showed that the nucleotide sequence had the highest identity of 99.88% with the ToMMV TiLhaLJ isolate (KR824951). The ToMMV infection on the two pea samples was also verified by dot-enzyme immunoassay (Dot-ELISA) using ToMMV monoclonal antibody (kindly provided by Dr. Jianxiang Wu, Zhejiang University, China). To determine the pathogenicity of ToMMV on pea, ToMMV infectious cDNA clone was used to inoculate into 3-week-old healthy pea plants via an Agrobacterium-mediated method (Tu et al. 2021). Mottle or slight mosaic, chlorosis and malformation symptoms were observed on the upper leaves of the 8 out of 12 inoculated plants 8 days postinoculation, and ToMMV could be detected by RT-PCR from the 8 symptomatic plants but not from the asymptomatic and healthy control pea plants with the above described ToMMV specific primer pair. ToMMV has now only been detected in Mexico, China, Spain, USA, Israel and Australia on tomato, pepper and eggplant (Webster et al. 2014; Turina et al. 2016; Ambrós et al. 2017; Lovelock et al. 2020). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of natural infection of ToMMV in pea as well as the natural infection of ToMMV on plants outside of the family Solanaceae. The result also implies that ToMMV has a potential risk to more crops in the field. Since pea, pepper and tomato are economically important cash crops in China, proper virus management strategies for the cultivation of these crops should be adopted.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
ToMMV was detected in 11 symptomatic cherry tomato samples.
- Taxon
- cherry tomato
Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformee0 - Interactor
- ToMMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- ToMMV was detectede0
- Value
- 11 cherry tomatoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ToMMV was detected in 13 symptomatic samples (11 cherry tomato and 2 green pea plants) with a total detection rate of 3.29%.”
Claim · model-written summary
ToMMV was detected in two symptomatic green pea plants.
Verbatim
e0“ToMMV was detected in 13 symptomatic samples (11 cherry tomato and 2 green pea plants) with a total detection rate of 3.29%.”
Claim · model-written summary
An 807-bp viral fragment was amplified from two of 86 symptomatic pea samples.
- Taxon
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Outcome
- fragment was amplifiede0
- Value
- 807-bpe0
- Qualifier
- 2 out of 86 pea samplese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An 807-bp fragment was amplified from 2 out of 86 pea samples showing foliar chlorosis, mosaic, malformation and necrosis symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequences from the two pea samples were identical.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Outcome
- Sequences obtained from the two pea samples were identicale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sequences obtained from the two pea samples were identical.”
Claim · model-written summary
The pea viral sequence had 99.88% identity with the ToMMV TiLhaLJ isolate.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- nucleotide sequence had the highest identitye0
- Value
- 99.88%e0
- Comparator
- ToMMV TiLhaLJ isolatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BLAST search result showed that the nucleotide sequence had the highest identity of 99.88% with the ToMMV TiLhaLJ isolate (KR824951).”
t0“Pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Dot-ELISA verified ToMMV infection in two pea samples.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Interactor
- ToMMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- ToMMV infection on the two pea samples was also verifiede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ToMMV infection on the two pea samples was also verified by dot-enzyme immunoassay (Dot-ELISA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Eight of twelve inoculated pea plants showed upper-leaf symptoms eight days after inoculation.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- upper leavese0
- Treatment
- inoculated plantse0
- Outcome
- Mottle or slight mosaic, chlorosis and malformation symptomse0
- Value
- 8 out of 12e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mottle or slight mosaic, chlorosis and malformation symptoms were observed on the upper leaves of the 8 out of 12 inoculated plants 8 days postinoculation”
t0“Pea”
Claim · model-written summary
RT-PCR detected ToMMV in eight symptomatic inoculated pea plants but not asymptomatic or healthy controls.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- symptomatic plantse0
- Interactor
- ToMMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- ToMMV could be detectede0
- Value
- 8 symptomatic plantse0
- Comparator
- asymptomatic and healthy control pea plantse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ToMMV could be detected by RT-PCR from the 8 symptomatic plants but not from the asymptomatic and healthy control pea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors report natural ToMMV infection in pea for the first time.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Interactor
- ToMMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- first report of natural infection of ToMMV in peae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this is the first report of natural infection of ToMMV in pea”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend virus management for cultivation of pea, pepper, and tomato.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- proper virus management strategies for the cultivation of these crops should be adoptede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“proper virus management strategies for the cultivation of these crops should be adopted.”
t0“Pea”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · physiology: pigments · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.