Abstract
In many cultivated crops, sources of resistance to diseases are sparse and rely on introgression from wild relatives. Agricultural crops often are allopolyploids resulting from interspecific crosses between related species, which are sources of diversity for resistance genes. This is the case for Brassica napus (oilseed rape, canola), an interspecific hybrid between Brassica rapa (turnip) and Brassica oleracea (cabbage). B. napus has a narrow genetic basis and few effective resistance genes against stem canker (blackleg) disease, caused by the fungus Leptosphaeria maculans, are currently available. B. rapa diversity has proven to be a valuable source of resistance (Rlm, LepR) genes, while B. oleracea genotypes were mostly considered susceptible. Here we identified a new resistance source in B. oleracea genotypes from America, potentially effective against French L. maculans isolates under both controlled and field conditions. Genetic analysis of fungal avirulence and subsequent cloning and validation identified a new avirulence gene termed AvrLm14 and suggested a typical gene-for-gene interaction between AvrLm14 and the postulated Rlm14 gene. AvrLm14 shares all the usual characteristics of L. maculans avirulence genes: it is hosted in a genomic region enriched in transposable elements and heterochromatin marks H3K9me3, its expression is repressed during vegetative growth but shows a strong overexpression 5-9 days following cotyledon infection, and it encodes a small secreted protein enriched in cysteine residues with few matches in databases. Similar to the previously cloned AvrLm10-A, AvrLm14 contributes to reduce lesion size on susceptible cotyledons, pointing to a complex interplay between effectors promoting or reducing lesion development.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
American B. oleracea genotypes provide a new resistance source potentially effective against French L. maculans isolates in controlled and field conditions.
- Taxon
- B. oleracea
Brassica oleraceae0 - Material
- B. oleracea genotypese0
- Interactor
- L. maculans
Plenodomus lingame0pathogen - Outcome
- new resistance sourcee0
- Qualifier
- potentially effectivee0
- Setting
- Americae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Here we identified a new resistance source in B. oleracea genotypes from America, potentially effective against French L. maculans isolates under both controlled and field conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal genetic analysis identified and validated a new avirulence gene, AvrLm14.
- Taxon
- Leptosphaeria maculansPlenodomus lingamt0
- Gene
- AvrLm14e0
- Outcome
- new avirulence genee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genetic analysis of fungal avirulence and subsequent cloning and validation identified a new avirulence gene termed AvrLm14 and suggested a typical gene-for-gene interaction between AvrLm14 and the postulated Rlm14 gene.”
t0“Leptosphaeria maculans”
Claim · model-written summary
The genetic results suggest gene-for-gene interaction between fungal AvrLm14 and postulated Rlm14.
- Taxon
- Brassica oleraceaBrassica oleraceat0
- Interactor
- Leptosphaeria maculansPlenodomus lingamt1pathogen
- Gene
- Rlm14e0
- Outcome
- gene-for-gene interactione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genetic analysis of fungal avirulence and subsequent cloning and validation identified a new avirulence gene termed AvrLm14 and suggested a typical gene-for-gene interaction between AvrLm14 and the postulated Rlm14 gene.”
t0“Brassica oleracea”
t1“Leptosphaeria maculans”
Claim · model-written summary
AvrLm14 resides in a region enriched with transposable elements and H3K9me3.
- Taxon
- Leptosphaeria maculansPlenodomus lingamt0
- Gene
- AvrLm14e1
- Outcome
- genomic region enriched in transposable elements and heterochromatin marks H3K9me3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it is hosted in a genomic region enriched in transposable elements and heterochromatin marks H3K9me3”
e1“AvrLm14 shares all the usual characteristics of L. maculans avirulence genes”
t0“Leptosphaeria maculans”
Claim · model-written summary
AvrLm14 expression is repressed during vegetative growth but strongly elevated 5–9 days after cotyledon infection.
- Taxon
- Leptosphaeria maculansPlenodomus lingamt0
- Gene
- AvrLm14e1
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Qualifier
- 5-9 days following cotyledon infectione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“its expression is repressed during vegetative growth but shows a strong overexpression 5-9 days following cotyledon infection”
e1“AvrLm14 shares all the usual characteristics of L. maculans avirulence genes”
t0“Leptosphaeria maculans”
Claim · model-written summary
AvrLm14 encodes a small cysteine-rich secreted protein with few database matches.
- Taxon
- Leptosphaeria maculansPlenodomus lingamt0
- Gene
- AvrLm14e1
- Outcome
- small secreted protein enriched in cysteine residues with few matches in databasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it encodes a small secreted protein enriched in cysteine residues with few matches in databases”
e1“AvrLm14 shares all the usual characteristics of L. maculans avirulence genes”
t0“Leptosphaeria maculans”
Claim · model-written summary
AvrLm14 reduces lesion size on susceptible cotyledons.
- Taxon
- Brassica oleraceaBrassica oleraceat0
- Organ / stage
- cotyledonse0
- Interactor
- Leptosphaeria maculansPlenodomus lingamt1pathogen
- Gene
- AvrLm14e0
- Outcome
- lesion sizee0
- Direction
- reducee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar to the previously cloned AvrLm10-A, AvrLm14 contributes to reduce lesion size on susceptible cotyledons”
t0“Brassica oleracea”
t1“Leptosphaeria maculans”