Abstract
Weed competition is the major biological stress affecting cassava production in smallholder farms in West and Central Africa, where yields are low compared with those in Asia and Latin America. Options for improved weed management are crucial in increasing productivity. Selected pre- and post-emergence herbicides, integrated with appropriate tillage and plant spacing, were tested in 96 sites in four locations in Nigeria, 24 in 2016 and 72 in 2017. Trials were split plots with six pre-emergence herbicides and no post-emergence treatment as main plots. Subplot treatments were four post-emergence herbicides, weeding with a motorized rotary weeder, short- and long-handled hoes, and no post-emergence weed control, i.e., regardless of pre-emergence treatments. Indaziflam-based treatments, irrespective of post-emergence treatment, and flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone applied pre-emergence followed by one weeding with a long-handled hoe provided >80% control of major broadleaf and grass weeds. Compared with herbicide use, farmer control practices (53%) were not efficient in controlling weeds. The highest root yield was produced where (1) s-metolachlor was combined with atrazine, and one weeding with a long-handled hoe or clethodim with lactofen, and (2) indaziflam + isoxaflutole was combined with glyphosate. An increase in root yield from 3.41 to 14.2 t ha-1 and from 3.0 to 11.99 t ha-1 was obtained where herbicides were used compared with farmers’ practice and manual hoe weeding. Our results showed that integrating good agronomic practices with safe and effective use of appropriate herbicides can result in root yield >20 t ha−1. i.e., twice the national average root yield of 8–12 t ha−1, with >50% net profit. The use of appropriate herbicides can reduce the amount of manual labor required and improve livelihoods, specifically for women and children. Smallholder cassava farmers would require continuous training on the safe use and handling of herbicides to improve efficiency and prevent adverse effects on humans and the environment.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Indaziflam-based treatments controlled more than 80% of major weeds.
- Taxon
- cassava
Manihot esculentat0 - Treatment
- Indaziflam-based treatmentse0
- Interactor
- broadleaf and grass weedse0weed
- Outcome
- control of major broadleaf and grass weedse0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- >80%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indaziflam-based treatments, irrespective of post-emergence treatment, and flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone applied pre-emergence followed by one weeding with a long-handled hoe provided >80% control of major broadleaf and grass weeds”
t0“cassava root yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-emergence flumioxazin and pyroxasulfone followed by long-handled hoe weeding controlled more than 80% of major weeds.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone applied pre-emergence followed by one weeding with a long-handled hoee0
- Interactor
- broadleaf and grass weedse0weed
- Outcome
- control of major broadleaf and grass weedse0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- >80%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone applied pre-emergence followed by one weeding with a long-handled hoe provided >80% control of major broadleaf and grass weeds”
t0“cassava root yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmer practices controlled 53% of weeds, less effectively than herbicides.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- farmer control practicese0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- controlling weedse0
- Direction
- not efficiente0
- Value
- 53%e0
- Comparator
- herbicide usee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with herbicide use, farmer control practices (53%) were not efficient in controlling weeds”
t0“cassava root yield”
Claim · model-written summary
S-metolachlor plus atrazine followed by hoe or clethodim with lactofen gave the highest root yield.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- s-metolachlor was combined with atrazine, and one weeding with a long-handled hoe or clethodim with lactofene0
- Outcome
- root yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest root yield was produced where (1) s-metolachlor was combined with atrazine, and one weeding with a long-handled hoe or clethodim with lactofen”
t0“cassava root yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Indaziflam plus isoxaflutole with glyphosate gave the highest root yield.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- indaziflam + isoxaflutole was combined with glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- root yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest root yield was produced where (1) s-metolachlor was combined with atrazine, and one weeding with a long-handled hoe or clethodim with lactofen, and (2) indaziflam + isoxaflutole was combined with glyphosate”
t0“cassava root yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides raised root yield from 3.41 to 14.2 t ha-1 relative to farmer practice.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- herbicidese0
- Outcome
- root yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 3.41 to 14.2 t ha-1e0
- Comparator
- farmers’ practicee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increase in root yield from 3.41 to 14.2 t ha-1 and from 3.0 to 11.99 t ha-1 was obtained where herbicides were used compared with farmers’ practice and manual hoe weeding”
t0“cassava root yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides raised root yield from 3.0 to 11.99 t ha-1 relative to manual hoe weeding.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- herbicidese0
- Outcome
- root yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 3.0 to 11.99 t ha-1e0
- Comparator
- manual hoe weedinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increase in root yield from 3.41 to 14.2 t ha-1 and from 3.0 to 11.99 t ha-1 was obtained where herbicides were used compared with farmers’ practice and manual hoe weeding”
t0“cassava root yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated agronomy and herbicide use can yield more than 20 t ha−1 cassava roots.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- integrating good agronomic practices with safe and effective use of appropriate herbicidese0
- Outcome
- root yielde0
- Direction
- >20 t ha−1e0
- Value
- >20 t ha−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“integrating good agronomic practices with safe and effective use of appropriate herbicides can result in root yield >20 t ha−1”
t0“cassava root yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated practice can return more than 50% net profit.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Outcome
- net profite0
- Direction
- >50%e0
- Value
- >50%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with >50% net profit”
t0“cassava root yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Appropriate herbicides can reduce manual labor requirements.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- appropriate herbicidese0
- Outcome
- reduce the amount of manual labor requirede0
- Direction
- reducee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of appropriate herbicides can reduce the amount of manual labor required”
t0“cassava root yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Smallholder cassava farmers require ongoing training in safe herbicide handling.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae0
- Outcome
- continuous training on the safe use and handling of herbicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Smallholder cassava farmers would require continuous training on the safe use and handling of herbicides to improve efficiency and prevent adverse effects on humans and the environment”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.