Abstract
Sugarcane cropping systems receive elevated application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer for higher production, which may affect production costs and cause environmental pollution. Therefore, it is critical to elucidate the response of soil microbial to N fertilizer inputs in sugarcane soil. A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of optimum (N375, 375 kg N/ha) and excessive (N563, 563 kg N/ha) amounts of N fertilizer on soil bacterial diversity and community structure in a sugarcane cropping system by MiSeq high-throughput sequencing; 50,007 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Results showed that the most abundant phyla in the sugarcane rhizosphere soil were Proteobacteria , Actinobacteria , Acidobacteria , and Planctomycetes , whose ensemble mean accounted for 74.29%. Different amounts of N application indeed change the bacterial diversity and community structures. Excessive application of N fertilizers significantly decreased the pH and increased the available N in soils and unexpectedly obtained a lower yield. Excessive N resulted in a relatively lower bacterial species richness and significantly increased the relative abundance of phyla Proteobacteria , Acidobacteria , and Bacteroidetes and the genera Sphingomonas and Gemmatimonas , while optimum N treatment significantly increased the phylum Actinobacteria and the genera Bacillus and Nitrospira ( P < 0.05). N application shifted the N cycle in nitrification, mainly on the Nitrospira , but showed no significant effect on the genera related to nitrogen fixation, methane oxidation, sulfate reduction, and sulfur oxidation ( P > 0.05). Overall, the optimum amount of N application might be conducive to beneficial microorganisms, such as Actinobacteria , Nitrospira , and Bacillus and, thus, result in a healthier ecosystem and higher sustainable crop production.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Sequencing recovered 50,007 OTUs from the sugarcane cropping system.
Verbatim
e0“50,007 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene amplicons.”
t0“Sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes were the most abundant phyla, together averaging 74.29%.
Verbatim
e0“the most abundant phyla in the sugarcane rhizosphere soil were Proteobacteria , Actinobacteria , Acidobacteria , and Planctomycetes , whose ensemble mean accounted for 74.29%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application changed bacterial diversity and community structure.
- Taxon
- Sugarcanet0
- Treatment
- Different amounts of N applicatione0
- Outcome
- bacterial diversity and community structurese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Different amounts of N application indeed change the bacterial diversity and community structures.”
t0“Sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess nitrogen significantly lowered soil pH.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Excessive application of N fertilizers significantly decreased the pH and increased the available N in soils and unexpectedly obtained a lower yield.”
t0“Sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess nitrogen increased available soil nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Sugarcanet0
- Treatment
- Excessive application of N fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- available N in soilse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Excessive application of N fertilizers significantly decreased the pH and increased the available N in soils and unexpectedly obtained a lower yield.”
t0“Sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess nitrogen lowered sugarcane yield.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Excessive application of N fertilizers significantly decreased the pH and increased the available N in soils and unexpectedly obtained a lower yield.”
t0“Sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess nitrogen reduced bacterial species richness.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Excessive N resulted in a relatively lower bacterial species richness”
t0“Sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess nitrogen increased Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Bacteroidetes relative abundance.
- Taxon
- Sugarcanet0
- Treatment
- Excessive Ne1
- Outcome
- relative abundance of phyla Proteobacteria , Acidobacteria , and Bacteroidetese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“significantly increased the relative abundance of phyla Proteobacteria , Acidobacteria , and Bacteroidetes”
e1“Excessive N”
t0“Sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess nitrogen increased Sphingomonas and Gemmatimonas relative abundance.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“the genera Sphingomonas and Gemmatimonas , while optimum N treatment”
e1“Excessive N”
t0“Sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimum nitrogen increased Actinobacteria abundance.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“optimum N treatment significantly increased the phylum Actinobacteria”
t0“Sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimum nitrogen increased Bacillus and Nitrospira abundance.
- Taxon
- Sugarcanet0
- Treatment
- optimum N treatmente0
- Outcome
- genera Bacillus and Nitrospirae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“optimum N treatment significantly increased the phylum Actinobacteria and the genera Bacillus and Nitrospira”
t0“Sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application shifted nitrification, mainly involving Nitrospira.
- Taxon
- Sugarcanet0
- Treatment
- N applicatione0
- Interactor
- NitrospiraNitrospirae0othert0
- Outcome
- N cycle in nitrificatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“N application shifted the N cycle in nitrification, mainly on the Nitrospira”
t0“Sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application had no significant effect on genera associated with nitrogen fixation, methane oxidation, sulfate reduction and sulfur oxidation.
- Taxon
- Sugarcanet0
- Treatment
- N applicatione2
- Outcome
- genera related to nitrogen fixation, methane oxidation, sulfate reduction, and sulfur oxidatione0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“showed no significant effect on the genera related to nitrogen fixation, methane oxidation, sulfate reduction, and sulfur oxidation ( P > 0.05).”
e2“Different amounts of N application indeed change the bacterial diversity and community structures.”
t0“Sugarcane”
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