Abstract
Introduction: Anthurium is a popular genus of the Araceae (order Spathiflorae).The flower consists of a protruding spadix containing numerous florets, subtended by a brightly colored modified leaf, the spathe. Anthuriums are bisexual and protogynous.Anthuriumscherzerianum as the most important species ofAnthurium genus is a potted perennial plant. Due to having beautiful, attractive and long-life flowers, A. scherzerianum can be used for the production of pot and cut flowers. Tissue culture is suggested as the most commonly method in order to rapid propagation and removing disease in a short period of time. This method also recommended for Anthuriumbecause of problems in classical propagation method of this flower..The three basic propagation methods for Anthuriumare propagation by seed, traditional vegetative and tissue culture.Micropropagation of Anthurium is using forcommercial production. Materials and Methods: In this study, the effect of plant growth regulators and explants on indirect regeneration of A. scherzerianumdetermined in separate experiments. In the first experiment, callogenesis was done by leaf explants on MS medium containing growth regulators, BA in three concentrations (0.5, 1.25 and 2 mg/l) in combination with 2, 4-D (0.5, 1.25 and 2 mg/l) or NAA (0.5, 1.25 and 2 mg/l) and the combinations of TDZ (0.5, 1.25 and 2 mg/l) with 2, 4-D (0, 0.5 mg/l). In the second experiment, regeneration was done on MS medium containing 0.75 mg/l BA with 0.05 mg/l 2, 4-D and 0.1 mg/l NAA and also in combination with TDZ (0.75mg/l). For rooting, MS medium containing different concentrations of IBA and IAA (0, 0.2 and 1 mg/l) were used. Callus induction, regeneration and rooting experiments were done based on completely randomized design, with 12, 6 and 6 replications, respectively.Data from all the schemes used in this study were analyzed with SAS statistical software. The comparison of means using Duncan's multiple range test was evaluated at the 5% level. Results and Discussion: Analysis of variance showed that the effect of explant type and hormone combinations was significant on the percentage of callogenesis, callus volume and survival percentage. The interaction effect of explant type and combination of hormones was also significant on percentage of callogenesisand the volume of callus. Means comparisons showed that the highest callogenesis, viability and callus volume were achieved on MS medium containing 2 mg/l of BA and 0.5 mg/l of 2, 4-D. Petiole explants, also produced the highest percentage of callus (95%), survival rate (96%) and callus with dimensions of 6 mm2. Callus formation in leaf vein explants was higher than others. The effect of explant type and hormone combinations on regeneration, number of branches, number of leaves and leaf length was significant.The interaction of explant and hormone combinations on regeneration, number of branches, number of leaves and leaf length was also significant. Moreover, results of regeneration experiment indicated that the maximum number of shoots (6.9) and the maximum shoot length (5 cm), number of leaves (18) and the leaf length (2.8 mm) were achieved in 0.75 mg/l BA mg/l of and 0.05 mg/l 2, 4-D. In this study, petiole explants were also regenerated earlier than leaf explants.The effect of hormone combinations and concentrations was significant on rooting specially on the number of roots and root length.Furthermore, results of rooting experiment revealed that the highest rooting percentage (95%), the maximum number of roots (4.5 per plantlet) and the longest roots (3.5 cm) were produced in the medium containing 0.2 mg/l of IBA. Finally, the rooted plantlets were adapted (90%) in vivo condition by placing them on a mixture of cocopeat and perlite (2:1) substrate. Conclusion: In this study callugensis, regeneration and rooting of A.scherzerianum’s petiole and leaf explants were studied and different levels of plant growth regulators used for callugensis and regeneration. In this study petiole explants showed the highest callugenesis and regeneration. MS medium containing BA (2 mg/l) and 2, 4-D (0.5 mg/l), was the best for callugenesis. Also the highest percentage of regeneration was observed in medium containing BA (0.75 mg/l) and 2, 4-D (0.05 mg/l). Moreover low concentration (0.2 mg/l) of auxin has a better effect on rooting than high levels (1mg/l) so that the highest rooting percentage was produced in medium containing IBA (0.2 mg/l) and the lowest rooting percentage was produced in medium containing IAA (1 mg/l). Anthurium plantlets acclimized is cocopeat and perlite substrate (2: 1) with 90% acclimation.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Explant type and hormone combinations significantly affected callogenesis, callus volume and survival.
- Taxon
- A. scherzerianum
Anthurium scherzerianume0 - Organ / stage
- explant typee1
- Treatment
- hormone combinationse1
- Outcome
- percentage of callogenesis, callus volume and survival percentagee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. scherzerianum can be used”
e1“the effect of explant type and hormone combinations was significant on the percentage of callogenesis, callus volume and survival percentage”
Claim · model-written summary
The explant-by-hormone interaction significantly affected callogenesis percentage and callus volume.
- Taxon
- A. scherzerianumAnthurium scherzerianume0
- Treatment
- combination of hormonese1
- Outcome
- percentage of callogenesisand the volume of calluse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. scherzerianum can be used”
e1“The interaction effect of explant type and combination of hormones was also significant on percentage of callogenesisand the volume of callus”
Claim · model-written summary
MS medium with 2 mg/l BA and 0.5 mg/l 2, 4-D gave the highest callogenesis, viability and callus volume.
- Taxon
- A. scherzerianumAnthurium scherzerianume0
- Treatment
- MS medium containing 2 mg/l of BA and 0.5 mg/l of 2, 4-De1
- Outcome
- callogenesis, viability and callus volumee1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. scherzerianum can be used”
e1“the highest callogenesis, viability and callus volume were achieved on MS medium containing 2 mg/l of BA and 0.5 mg/l of 2, 4-D”
Claim · model-written summary
Petiole explants gave 95% callus induction.
- Taxon
- A. scherzerianumAnthurium scherzerianume0
- Organ / stage
- Petiole explantse1
- Outcome
- percentage of calluse1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 95%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. scherzerianum can be used”
e1“Petiole explants, also produced the highest percentage of callus (95%), survival rate (96%) and callus with dimensions of 6 mm2”
Claim · model-written summary
Petiole explants gave 96% survival.
- Taxon
- A. scherzerianumAnthurium scherzerianume0
- Organ / stage
- Petiole explantse1
- Outcome
- survival ratee1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 96%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. scherzerianum can be used”
e1“Petiole explants, also produced the highest percentage of callus (95%), survival rate (96%) and callus with dimensions of 6 mm2”
Claim · model-written summary
Petiole explant callus measured 6 mm2.
- Taxon
- A. scherzerianumAnthurium scherzerianume0
- Organ / stage
- Petiole explantse1
- Outcome
- callus with dimensionse1
- Value
- 6 mm2e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. scherzerianum can be used”
e1“Petiole explants, also produced the highest percentage of callus (95%), survival rate (96%) and callus with dimensions of 6 mm2”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf vein explants had greater callus formation than other explants.
- Taxon
- A. scherzerianumAnthurium scherzerianume0
- Organ / stage
- leaf vein explantse1
- Outcome
- Callus formatione1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- otherse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. scherzerianum can be used”
e1“Callus formation in leaf vein explants was higher than others”
Claim · model-written summary
Explant type, hormones and their interaction significantly affected regeneration, branch count, leaf count and leaf length.
- Taxon
- A. scherzerianumAnthurium scherzerianume0
- Treatment
- hormone combinationse1
- Outcome
- regeneration, number of branches, number of leaves and leaf lengthe1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. scherzerianum can be used”
e1“The effect of explant type and hormone combinations on regeneration, number of branches, number of leaves and leaf length was significant.The interaction of explant and hormone combinations on regeneration, number of branches, number of leaves and leaf length was also significant”
Claim · model-written summary
The BA and 2, 4-D medium gave a maximum of 6.9 shoots.
- Taxon
- A. scherzerianumAnthurium scherzerianume0
- Treatment
- 0.75 mg/l BA mg/l of and 0.05 mg/l 2, 4-De1
- Outcome
- number of shootse1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 6.9e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. scherzerianum can be used”
e1“the maximum number of shoots (6.9) and the maximum shoot length (5 cm), number of leaves (18) and the leaf length (2.8 mm) were achieved in 0.75 mg/l BA mg/l of and 0.05 mg/l 2, 4-D”
Claim · model-written summary
The BA and 2, 4-D medium gave a maximum shoot length of 5 cm.
- Taxon
- A. scherzerianumAnthurium scherzerianume0
- Treatment
- 0.75 mg/l BA mg/l of and 0.05 mg/l 2, 4-De1
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 5 cme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. scherzerianum can be used”
e1“the maximum number of shoots (6.9) and the maximum shoot length (5 cm), number of leaves (18) and the leaf length (2.8 mm) were achieved in 0.75 mg/l BA mg/l of and 0.05 mg/l 2, 4-D”
Claim · model-written summary
The BA and 2, 4-D medium gave 18 leaves.
- Taxon
- A. scherzerianumAnthurium scherzerianume0
- Treatment
- 0.75 mg/l BA mg/l of and 0.05 mg/l 2, 4-De1
- Outcome
- number of leavese1
- Value
- 18e1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. scherzerianum can be used”
e1“the maximum number of shoots (6.9) and the maximum shoot length (5 cm), number of leaves (18) and the leaf length (2.8 mm) were achieved in 0.75 mg/l BA mg/l of and 0.05 mg/l 2, 4-D”
Claim · model-written summary
The BA and 2, 4-D medium gave a leaf length of 2.8 mm.
- Taxon
- A. scherzerianumAnthurium scherzerianume0
- Treatment
- 0.75 mg/l BA mg/l of and 0.05 mg/l 2, 4-De1
- Outcome
- leaf lengthe1
- Value
- 2.8 mme1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. scherzerianum can be used”
e1“the maximum number of shoots (6.9) and the maximum shoot length (5 cm), number of leaves (18) and the leaf length (2.8 mm) were achieved in 0.75 mg/l BA mg/l of and 0.05 mg/l 2, 4-D”
Claim · model-written summary
Petiole explants regenerated earlier than leaf explants.
- Taxon
- A. scherzerianumAnthurium scherzerianume0
- Organ / stage
- petiole explantse1
- Outcome
- regenerated earliere1
- Direction
- earliere1
- Comparator
- leaf explantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. scherzerianum can be used”
e1“petiole explants were also regenerated earlier than leaf explants”
Claim · model-written summary
Hormone combinations and concentrations significantly affected root number and length.
- Taxon
- A. scherzerianumAnthurium scherzerianume0
- Treatment
- hormone combinations and concentrationse1
- Outcome
- number of roots and root lengthe1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. scherzerianum can be used”
e1“The effect of hormone combinations and concentrations was significant on rooting specially on the number of roots and root length”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium with 0.2 mg/l IBA yielded 95% rooting.
- Taxon
- A. scherzerianumAnthurium scherzerianume0
- Treatment
- medium containing 0.2 mg/l of IBAe1
- Outcome
- rooting percentagee1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 95%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. scherzerianum can be used”
e1“the highest rooting percentage (95%), the maximum number of roots (4.5 per plantlet) and the longest roots (3.5 cm) were produced in the medium containing 0.2 mg/l of IBA”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium with 0.2 mg/l IBA yielded 4.5 roots per plantlet.
- Taxon
- A. scherzerianumAnthurium scherzerianume0
- Treatment
- medium containing 0.2 mg/l of IBAe1
- Outcome
- number of rootse1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 4.5 per plantlete1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. scherzerianum can be used”
e1“the highest rooting percentage (95%), the maximum number of roots (4.5 per plantlet) and the longest roots (3.5 cm) were produced in the medium containing 0.2 mg/l of IBA”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium with 0.2 mg/l IBA yielded roots 3.5 cm long.
- Taxon
- A. scherzerianumAnthurium scherzerianume0
- Treatment
- medium containing 0.2 mg/l of IBAe1
- Outcome
- longest rootse1
- Direction
- longeste1
- Value
- 3.5 cme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. scherzerianum can be used”
e1“the highest rooting percentage (95%), the maximum number of roots (4.5 per plantlet) and the longest roots (3.5 cm) were produced in the medium containing 0.2 mg/l of IBA”
Claim · model-written summary
Rooted plantlets achieved 90% acclimation in cocopeat and perlite.
- Taxon
- A. scherzerianumAnthurium scherzerianume0
- Treatment
- mixture of cocopeat and perlite (2:1) substratee1
- Outcome
- adaptede1
- Value
- 90%e1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. scherzerianum can be used”
e1“the rooted plantlets were adapted (90%) in vivo condition by placing them on a mixture of cocopeat and perlite (2:1) substrate”
Claim · model-written summary
Low auxin concentration improved rooting relative to a high concentration.
- Taxon
- A. scherzerianumAnthurium scherzerianume0
- Treatment
- low concentration (0.2 mg/l) of auxine1
- Outcome
- rootinge1
- Direction
- bettere1
- Comparator
- high levels (1mg/l)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. scherzerianum can be used”
e1“low concentration (0.2 mg/l) of auxin has a better effect on rooting than high levels (1mg/l)”
Claim · model-written summary
IBA at 0.2 mg/l had the highest rooting percentage, whereas IAA at 1 mg/l had the lowest.
- Taxon
- A. scherzerianumAnthurium scherzerianume0
- Treatment
- medium containing IBA (0.2 mg/l)e1
- Outcome
- rooting percentagee1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Comparator
- medium containing IAA (1 mg/l)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. scherzerianum can be used”
e1“the highest rooting percentage was produced in medium containing IBA (0.2 mg/l) and the lowest rooting percentage was produced in medium containing IAA (1 mg/l)”
The same questions in other papers
class · growth · Anthurium scherzerianumResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.