Abstract
Punjab Beauty, a strain of semi-soft pear, is a shy bearer. Its low production can be overcome with adequate pollination. The studies carried out at the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana revealed that the foraging intensity of Apis mellifera L. increased with the progression of the day with peak at 1300 hr. Flowering continued for three weeks with maximum foraging intensity of A mellifera during second week. One colony of A. mellifera placed at the edge of the orchard led to higher proportion of this pollinator (mean >70%) at 6 m distance than at 60 m (mean <50%). The foraging intensities at 6 and 18 m distances were statistically at par with each other. The fruit setting and fruit weight were statistically at par up to 30 m distance. On the basis of this study, it is recommended to use 3.5 colonies/ha for effective pollination of semisoft pear cv. Punjab Beauty.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Foraging intensity of Apis mellifera increased through the day, peaking at 13:00 hours.
- Taxon
- pear
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=60)
Pyrus communist0 - Interactor
- Apis mellifera
_Apis_mellifera_(female)_-_on_viburnum_tinus_flowers.jpg?width=60)
Apis melliferae1pollinator - Outcome
- foraging intensitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 1300 hre1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=500)
_Apis_mellifera_(female)_-_on_viburnum_tinus_flowers.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Augmenting pear yield”
e1“the foraging intensity of Apis mellifera L. increased with the progression of the day with peak at 1300 hr”
Claim · model-written summary
Foraging intensity of Apis mellifera was maximal in the second week of flowering.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Interactor
- A melliferaApis melliferae2pollinator
- Outcome
- foraging intensitye2
- Direction
- maximume2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Augmenting pear yield”
e2“Flowering continued for three weeks with maximum foraging intensity of A mellifera during second week”
Claim · model-written summary
One colony placed at the orchard edge gave a higher proportion of Apis mellifera at 6 m than at 60 m (over 70% versus under 50%).
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- One colony of A. mellifera placed at the edge of the orcharde3
- Interactor
- A. melliferaApis melliferae3pollinator
- Outcome
- proportion of this pollinatore3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- mean >70%e3
- Comparator
- 60 me3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Augmenting pear yield”
e3“One colony of A. mellifera placed at the edge of the orchard led to higher proportion of this pollinator (mean >70%) at 6 m distance than at 60 m (mean <50%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foraging intensities at 6 m and 18 m did not differ statistically.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- 6 and 18 m distancese4
- Outcome
- foraging intensitiese4
- Direction
- statistically at pare4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Augmenting pear yield”
e4“The foraging intensities at 6 and 18 m distances were statistically at par with each other”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit set and fruit weight did not differ statistically up to 30 m from the colony.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- up to 30 m distancee5
- Outcome
- fruit setting and fruit weighte5
- Direction
- statistically at pare5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Augmenting pear yield”
e5“The fruit setting and fruit weight were statistically at par up to 30 m distance”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 3.5 Apis mellifera colonies per hectare for effective pollination of semi-soft pear cv. Punjab Beauty.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Outcome
- use 3.5 colonies/ha for effective pollinatione6
- Value
- 3.5 colonies/hae6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Augmenting pear yield”
e6“it is recommended to use 3.5 colonies/ha for effective pollination of semisoft pear cv. Punjab Beauty”