Abstract
Background. Downy mildew (DM) caused by the fungus Plasmopara halstedii (Farl) Berl. & De Toni) is one of the most harmful diseases of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Due to the pathogen’s attacks, annual seed harvest losses range between 30% and 70%. Lines resistant to new races of the pathogen should be obtained for the development of commercial sunflower hybrids. Materials and methods . Downy mildew resistance of 323 lines and 10 cultivars from the sunflower collection was assessed in the field at the Kuban Experiment Station of VIR in 2017–2018. Line VIR 845, susceptible during all years of observations, was used as a control. Resistance genes were identified by means of the molecular analysis using diagnostic markers of the Pl arg , Pl 6 and Pl 8 genes that confer resistance to many known P. halstedii races. Results. The founder varieties of VIR’s lines were susceptible to a varying extent. Thirty-nine lines were resistant in 2016 and 2018; among those, 36 lines were susceptible in 2017. Presumably, a more virulent P. halstedii race became widespread in 2017, compared to the races that prevailed in 2016 and 2018, so the genes that determined resistance in 2016 and 2018 turned out to be ineffective. Lines ТА 716-18, VIR 768, and VIR 800, having originated from interspecific hybrids, exhibited absence of pathogenic damage during 3 years of the trials. Molecular markers of the Pl arg, Pl 6 and Pl 8 genes were detected in most lines that demonstrated resistance in 2016 and 2018. There were no markers in lines VIR 768 and VIR 800, whereas in ТА 716-18 the markers of Pl arg and Pl 8 were present. Conclusion. As a result of the long-term studies, a trait-specific genetic collection was established for sunflower. It comprises genotyped lines with various effective DM resistance genes. Lines ТА 716-18, VIR 768 and VIR 800 appeared highly resistant to the pathogen and probably possess new resistance genes/alleles introgressed from wild species.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Founder varieties varied in downy mildew susceptibility.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Material
- founder varietiese0
- Outcome
- susceptible to a varying extente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The founder varieties of VIR’s lines were susceptible to a varying extent”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Thirty-nine lines were resistant in 2016 and 2018.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- linese0
- Outcome
- resistante0
- Value
- Thirty-ninee0
Not reportedInteractor
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thirty-nine lines were resistant in 2016 and 2018”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Thirty-six of those lines were susceptible in 2017.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- linese0
- Outcome
- susceptiblee0
- Value
- 36e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“among those, 36 lines were susceptible in 2017”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
A more virulent P. halstedii race was presumed widespread in 2017.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Interactor
- P. halstedii
Plasmopara halstediie0pathogen - Outcome
- P. halstedii race became widespreade0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Presumably, a more virulent P. halstedii race became widespread in 2017”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistance genes effective in 2016 and 2018 were ineffective in 2017.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Gene
- genese0
- Outcome
- resistancee0
- Direction
- ineffectivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the genes that determined resistance in 2016 and 2018 turned out to be ineffective”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
ТА 716-18 showed no pathogenic damage over three trial years.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- ТА 716-18e0
- Outcome
- absence of pathogenic damagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lines ТА 716-18, VIR 768, and VIR 800, having originated from interspecific hybrids, exhibited absence of pathogenic damage during 3 years of the trials”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
VIR 768 showed no pathogenic damage over three trial years.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- VIR 768e0
- Outcome
- absence of pathogenic damagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lines ТА 716-18, VIR 768, and VIR 800, having originated from interspecific hybrids, exhibited absence of pathogenic damage during 3 years of the trials”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
VIR 800 showed no pathogenic damage over three trial years.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- VIR 800e0
- Outcome
- absence of pathogenic damagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lines ТА 716-18, VIR 768, and VIR 800, having originated from interspecific hybrids, exhibited absence of pathogenic damage during 3 years of the trials”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Markers of Pl arg, Pl 6 and Pl 8 were detected in most lines resistant in 2016 and 2018.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Gene
- Pl arg, Pl 6 and Pl 8e0
- Outcome
- Molecular markerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Molecular markers of the Pl arg, Pl 6 and Pl 8 genes were detected in most lines that demonstrated resistance in 2016 and 2018”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
VIR 768 and VIR 800 lacked those markers.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- VIR 768 and VIR 800e0
- Outcome
- no markerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no markers in lines VIR 768 and VIR 800”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
ТА 716-18 carried Pl arg and Pl 8 markers.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- ТА 716-18e0
- Gene
- Pl arg and Pl 8e0
- Outcome
- markerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in ТА 716-18 the markers of Pl arg and Pl 8 were present”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
A genotyped sunflower collection with varied effective downy mildew resistance genes was established.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- trait-specific genetic collectione0
- Value
- various effective DM resistance genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a trait-specific genetic collection was established for sunflower. It comprises genotyped lines with various effective DM resistance genes”
Claim · model-written summary
The three highly resistant lines probably possess new resistance genes or alleles from wild species.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- ТА 716-18, VIR 768 and VIR 800e0
- Gene
- new resistance genes/allelese0
- Outcome
- highly resistant to the pathogene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lines ТА 716-18, VIR 768 and VIR 800 appeared highly resistant to the pathogen and probably possess new resistance genes/alleles introgressed from wild species”
t0“sunflower”