Abstract
Potassium is the most important and abundant inorganic cation in plants and it can comprise up to 10% of a plant’s dry weight. Plants possess complex systems of transporters and channels for the transport of K+ from soil to numerous parts of plants. Cajanus cajan is cultivated in different regions of the world as an economical source of carbohydrates, fiber, proteins, and fodder for animals. In the current study, 39 K+ transport genes were identified in C. cajan, including 25 K+ transporters (17 carrier-like K+ transporters (KUP/HAK/KTs), 2 high-affinity potassium transporters (HKTs), and 6 K+ efflux transporters (KEAs) and 14 K+ channels (9 shakers and 5 tandem-pore K+ channels (TPKs). Chromosomal mapping indicated that these genes were randomly distributed among 10 chromosomes. A comparative phylogenetic analysis including protein sequences from Glycine max, Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Medicago truncatula Cicer arietinum, and C. cajan suggested vital conservation of K+ transport genes. Gene structure analysis showed that the intron/exon organization of K+ transporter and channel genes is highly conserved in a family-specific manner. In the promoter region, many cis-regulatory elements were identified related to abiotic stress, suggesting their role in abiotic stress response. Abiotic stresses (salt, heat, and drought) adversely affect chlorophyll, carotenoids contents, and total soluble proteins. Furthermore, the activities of catalase, superoxide, and peroxidase were altered in C. cajan leaves under applied stresses. Expression analysis (RNA-seq data and quantitative real-time PCR) revealed that several K+ transport genes were expressed in abiotic stress-responsive manners. The present study provides an in-depth understanding of K+ transport system genes in C. cajan and serves as a basis for further characterization of these genes.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Thirty-nine potassium transport genes were identified in Cajanus cajan.
- Taxon
- Cajanus cajan
Cajanus cajant0 - Outcome
- K+ transport genese0
- Value
- 39e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cajanus cajan”
e0“39 K+ transport genes were identified in C. cajan, including 25 K+ transporters (17 carrier-like K+ transporters (KUP/HAK/KTs), 2 high-affinity potassium transporters (HKTs), and 6 K+ efflux transporters (KEAs) and 14 K+ channels (9 shakers and 5 tandem-pore K+ channels (TPKs)”
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty-five potassium transporters were identified in Cajanus cajan.
- Taxon
- Cajanus cajanCajanus cajant0
- Outcome
- K+ transporterse0
- Value
- 25e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cajanus cajan”
e0“25 K+ transporters (17 carrier-like K+ transporters (KUP/HAK/KTs), 2 high-affinity potassium transporters (HKTs), and 6 K+ efflux transporters (KEAs)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seventeen carrier-like potassium transporters were identified.
- Taxon
- Cajanus cajanCajanus cajant0
- Outcome
- carrier-like K+ transporterse0
- Value
- 17e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cajanus cajan”
e0“17 carrier-like K+ transporters (KUP/HAK/KTs)”
Claim · model-written summary
Two high-affinity potassium transporters were identified.
- Taxon
- Cajanus cajanCajanus cajant0
- Outcome
- high-affinity potassium transporterse0
- Value
- 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cajanus cajan”
e0“2 high-affinity potassium transporters (HKTs)”
Claim · model-written summary
Six potassium efflux transporters were identified.
- Taxon
- Cajanus cajanCajanus cajant0
- Outcome
- K+ efflux transporterse0
- Value
- 6e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cajanus cajan”
e0“6 K+ efflux transporters (KEAs)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fourteen potassium channels were identified.
- Taxon
- Cajanus cajanCajanus cajant0
- Outcome
- K+ channelse0
- Value
- 14e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cajanus cajan”
e0“14 K+ channels (9 shakers and 5 tandem-pore K+ channels (TPKs)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nine shaker potassium channels were identified.
- Taxon
- Cajanus cajanCajanus cajant0
- Outcome
- shakerse0
- Value
- 9e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cajanus cajan”
e0“9 shakers”
Claim · model-written summary
Five tandem-pore potassium channels were identified.
- Taxon
- Cajanus cajanCajanus cajant0
- Outcome
- tandem-pore K+ channelse0
- Value
- 5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cajanus cajan”
e0“5 tandem-pore K+ channels (TPKs)”
Claim · model-written summary
The potassium transport genes were randomly distributed among ten chromosomes.
- Taxon
- Cajanus cajanCajanus cajant0
- Outcome
- randomly distributed among 10 chromosomese0
- Value
- 10 chromosomese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cajanus cajan”
e0“these genes were randomly distributed among 10 chromosomes”
Claim · model-written summary
Comparative phylogenetic analysis suggested conservation of potassium transport genes.
- Taxon
- Cajanus cajanCajanus cajant0
- Outcome
- conservation of K+ transport genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cajanus cajan”
e0“suggested vital conservation of K+ transport genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium transporter and channel genes had highly conserved family-specific intron/exon organization.
- Taxon
- Cajanus cajanCajanus cajant0
- Outcome
- intron/exon organization of K+ transporter and channel genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cajanus cajan”
e0“the intron/exon organization of K+ transporter and channel genes is highly conserved in a family-specific manner”
Claim · model-written summary
Many promoter cis-regulatory elements related to abiotic stress were identified.
- Taxon
- Cajanus cajanCajanus cajant0
- Outcome
- cis-regulatory elementse0
- Qualifier
- related to abiotic stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cajanus cajan”
e0“many cis-regulatory elements were identified related to abiotic stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt, heat and drought adversely affected chlorophyll and carotenoid contents.
- Taxon
- Cajanus cajanCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- Abiotic stresses (salt, heat, and drought)e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll, carotenoids contentse0
- Direction
- adversely affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cajanus cajan”
e0“Abiotic stresses (salt, heat, and drought) adversely affect chlorophyll, carotenoids contents, and total soluble proteins.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt, heat and drought adversely affected total soluble proteins.
- Taxon
- Cajanus cajanCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- Abiotic stresses (salt, heat, and drought)e0
- Outcome
- total soluble proteinse0
- Direction
- adversely affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cajanus cajan”
e0“Abiotic stresses (salt, heat, and drought) adversely affect chlorophyll, carotenoids contents, and total soluble proteins.”
Claim · model-written summary
Abiotic stresses altered catalase, superoxide and peroxidase activities in leaves.
- Taxon
- Cajanus cajanCajanus cajant0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- applied stressese0
- Outcome
- activities of catalase, superoxide, and peroxidasee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cajanus cajan”
e0“the activities of catalase, superoxide, and peroxidase were altered in C. cajan leaves under applied stresses.”
Claim · model-written summary
Several potassium transport genes showed abiotic stress-responsive expression.
- Taxon
- Cajanus cajanCajanus cajant0
- Gene
- K+ transport genese0
- Outcome
- expressed in abiotic stress-responsive mannerse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cajanus cajan”
e0“several K+ transport genes were expressed in abiotic stress-responsive manners”
The same questions in other papers
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- positive
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drought · physiology: osmolytes · Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
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1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
salinity · physiology: pigments · Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.