Abstract
Corn (Zea mays) is one of the most widely spread cereals in the world. However, in the Far North Region of Cameroon, the incidence of some maize diseases progress because of farming practices and climate change (rainfall). This work aims to evaluate effect and resistance stimulation of neem extract and Mancozeb fungicide on Brown Spot (PBS) and Stalk Rot (PSR) diseases of corn due to Physoderma maydis in field condition. The experimental design was a two-factor split-plot. The treatments were a combination of Control (T), Mancozeb (Mz) at the concentration of 6g/L and aqueous extract of neem seeds (AENS) at the concentration of 50g/L with CMS 9015 and CMS 8704 varieties. Incidence, severity, rainfall, Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUIPC, AUSiPC) were recorded. Phenol and protein rates, enzymatic activity of Polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POX) and glucanase were carried out. Stalk length and yield were evaluated. Incidence and severity of Physoderma Brown Spot (PBS) and Physoderma Stalk Rot (PSR) increased with time and environmental conditions (rainfall). The highest disease incidence was observed in the control treatments with both diseases, 52.39 and 37.67 % respectively for Brown Spot and Stalk Rot in CMS8704 variety and lower with AENS, 13.5 and 36.01%. AENS reduced PBS incidence and severity by 23.1 and 19.9 %, respectively and Mz by 9.3 and 18.1 %. The AUIPC and AUSiPC of PBS and PSR remained lower with AENS treatment during the growing season and higher with the other treatments. The highest phenol and proteins rates (8.81 and 25.1 mg/g/FM) were recorded for the AENS treatment in CMS9015 and CMS8704 variety, respectively. Enzymatic activity was more enhanced in CMS8704 variety with AENS. 4.22 A470/min/g, 1.55 A470/min/g and 1.15 µmole/min /g were recorded respectively for PPO, POX, and Glucane activities. Stalk length was higher in AENS and Mancozeb treatments with variety CMS8704 (125.13 and 123 cm respectively). A yield increase of 7.44% was obtained in the AENS treatment. The combination or not of aqueous neem extract and CMS8704 could be used in the integrated control of PBS and PSR of maize
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Incidence and severity of Physoderma brown spot and stalk rot increased over time and with rainfall.
- Interactor
- Physoderma
Physodermae0pathogen - Outcome
- Incidence and severity of Physoderma Brown Spot (PBS) and Physoderma Stalk Rot (PSR)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- rainfalle0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Incidence and severity of Physoderma Brown Spot (PBS) and Physoderma Stalk Rot (PSR) increased with time and environmental conditions (rainfall).”
t0“Corn (Zea mays) caused by Physoderma Maydis”
Claim · model-written summary
Control plants of CMS8704 had 52.39% brown spot incidence, the highest reported.
- Material
- CMS8704e0
- Treatment
- control treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Physoderma MaydisPhysoderma maydist0pathogen
- Outcome
- Brown Spote0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 52.39e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest disease incidence was observed in the control treatments with both diseases, 52.39 and 37.67 % respectively for Brown Spot and Stalk Rot in CMS8704 variety and lower with AENS, 13.5 and 36.01%.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays) caused by Physoderma Maydis”
Claim · model-written summary
Control plants of CMS8704 had 37.67% stalk rot incidence, the highest reported.
- Material
- CMS8704e0
- Treatment
- control treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Physoderma MaydisPhysoderma maydist0pathogen
- Outcome
- Stalk Rote0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 37.67 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest disease incidence was observed in the control treatments with both diseases, 52.39 and 37.67 % respectively for Brown Spot and Stalk Rot in CMS8704 variety and lower with AENS, 13.5 and 36.01%.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays) caused by Physoderma Maydis”
Claim · model-written summary
AENS reduced brown spot incidence by 23.1%.
- Treatment
- AENSe0
- Interactor
- Physoderma MaydisPhysoderma maydist0pathogen
- Outcome
- PBS incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 23.1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AENS reduced PBS incidence and severity by 23.1 and 19.9 %, respectively and Mz by 9.3 and 18.1 %.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays) caused by Physoderma Maydis”
Claim · model-written summary
AENS reduced brown spot severity by 19.9%.
- Treatment
- AENSe0
- Interactor
- Physoderma MaydisPhysoderma maydist0pathogen
- Outcome
- severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 19.9 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AENS reduced PBS incidence and severity by 23.1 and 19.9 %, respectively and Mz by 9.3 and 18.1 %.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays) caused by Physoderma Maydis”
Claim · model-written summary
Mancozeb reduced brown spot incidence by 9.3%.
- Treatment
- Mze0
- Interactor
- Physoderma MaydisPhysoderma maydist0pathogen
- Outcome
- PBS incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 9.3e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AENS reduced PBS incidence and severity by 23.1 and 19.9 %, respectively and Mz by 9.3 and 18.1 %.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays) caused by Physoderma Maydis”
Claim · model-written summary
Mancozeb reduced brown spot severity by 18.1%.
- Treatment
- Mze0
- Interactor
- Physoderma MaydisPhysoderma maydist0pathogen
- Outcome
- severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 18.1 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AENS reduced PBS incidence and severity by 23.1 and 19.9 %, respectively and Mz by 9.3 and 18.1 %.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays) caused by Physoderma Maydis”
Claim · model-written summary
AENS treatment maintained lower disease progress curves for brown spot and stalk rot during the growing season.
- Treatment
- AENS treatmente0
- Interactor
- Physoderma MaydisPhysoderma maydist0pathogen
- Outcome
- AUIPC and AUSiPC of PBS and PSRe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- during the growing seasone0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The AUIPC and AUSiPC of PBS and PSR remained lower with AENS treatment during the growing season and higher with the other treatments.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays) caused by Physoderma Maydis”
Claim · model-written summary
AENS produced the highest phenol rate, 8.81 mg/g/FM, in CMS9015.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest phenol and proteins rates (8.81 and 25.1 mg/g/FM) were recorded for the AENS treatment in CMS9015 and CMS8704 variety, respectively.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays) caused by Physoderma Maydis”
Claim · model-written summary
AENS produced the highest protein rate, 25.1 mg/g/FM, in CMS8704.
- Material
- CMS8704e0
- Treatment
- AENS treatmente0
- Outcome
- proteins ratese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 25.1 mg/g/FMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest phenol and proteins rates (8.81 and 25.1 mg/g/FM) were recorded for the AENS treatment in CMS9015 and CMS8704 variety, respectively.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays) caused by Physoderma Maydis”
Claim · model-written summary
AENS enhanced PPO activity in CMS8704, measured at 4.22 A470/min/g.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enzymatic activity was more enhanced in CMS8704 variety with AENS. 4.22 A470/min/g, 1.55 A470/min/g and 1.15 µmole/min /g were recorded respectively for PPO, POX, and Glucane activities.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays) caused by Physoderma Maydis”
Claim · model-written summary
AENS enhanced POX activity in CMS8704, measured at 1.55 A470/min/g.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enzymatic activity was more enhanced in CMS8704 variety with AENS. 4.22 A470/min/g, 1.55 A470/min/g and 1.15 µmole/min /g were recorded respectively for PPO, POX, and Glucane activities.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays) caused by Physoderma Maydis”
Claim · model-written summary
AENS enhanced glucanase activity in CMS8704, measured at 1.15 µmole/min /g.
- Material
- CMS8704e0
- Treatment
- AENSe0
- Gene
- Glucanee0
- Outcome
- Glucane activitiese0
- Direction
- more enhancede0
- Value
- 1.15 µmole/min /ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enzymatic activity was more enhanced in CMS8704 variety with AENS. 4.22 A470/min/g, 1.55 A470/min/g and 1.15 µmole/min /g were recorded respectively for PPO, POX, and Glucane activities.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays) caused by Physoderma Maydis”
Claim · model-written summary
With AENS, CMS8704 stalk length was 125.13 cm.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stalk length was higher in AENS and Mancozeb treatments with variety CMS8704 (125.13 and 123 cm respectively).”
t0“Corn (Zea mays) caused by Physoderma Maydis”
Claim · model-written summary
With Mancozeb, CMS8704 stalk length was 123 cm.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stalk length was higher in AENS and Mancozeb treatments with variety CMS8704 (125.13 and 123 cm respectively).”
t0“Corn (Zea mays) caused by Physoderma Maydis”
Claim · model-written summary
AENS increased yield by 7.44%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A yield increase of 7.44% was obtained in the AENS treatment.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays) caused by Physoderma Maydis”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose aqueous neem extract, with or without CMS8704, for integrated control of brown spot and stalk rot.
- Material
- CMS8704e0
- Treatment
- aqueous neem extracte0
- Interactor
- Physoderma MaydisPhysoderma maydist0pathogen
- Outcome
- integrated control of PBS and PSRe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combination or not of aqueous neem extract and CMS8704 could be used in the integrated control of PBS and PSR of maize”
t0“Corn (Zea mays) caused by Physoderma Maydis”
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