Abstract
Higher demand and cost of labor and water shortage have forced the farmers to look for an alternate method of cultivation in rice as a substitute to the existing conventional transplanting. Dry direct seeding and water seeding have emerged as better alternatives over transplanting method. These methods not only result in labor saving, but also result in significant water saving in rice. These are important adaptation strategies to the impending climate change. However, the direct seeding method is confronted with severe weed infestation and yield losses if weeds are not managed well. Against this backdrop, a field study was undertaken during kharif seasons of 2019 and 2020 to evaluate the effect of crop establishment methods and weed management practices on rice and its associated weed flora. The results demonstrated that grain yields obtained under water seeding (WS) were statistically at par with transplanting (CT), but significantly superior to dry direct seeding (DDSR). Yield attributes were significantly superior in WS as compared DDSR, but were at par with CT. Weed density followed the order of DDSR > WS > CT. With the advancement in age of the crop, sedges dominated in DDSR, whereas broad-leafweeds (BLW) dominated in WS and CT methods of establishment. All the herbicides reduced the weed density significantly as compared to weedy check. Penoxulam (PE) reduced the weed density and weed dry matter on an average by 91% and 92% at 30 DAS/DAT over weedy check, respectively. PE proved significantly superior in controlling all the sedges and grasses but was less effective against BLW. Maximum reduction in yield due to weeds was observed in weedy check (WC) (58%) and the lowest was observed in PE (3%). Application of PE @ 22.5 g ha−1 under the WS method of crop establishment resulted in highest average weed control efficiency and grain yield.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Water seeding produced rice grain yields statistically at par with transplanting.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Treatment
- water seeding (WS)e0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- at pare0
- Comparator
- transplanting (CT)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yields obtained under water seeding (WS) were statistically at par with transplanting (CT)”
e1“rice and its associated weed flora”
Claim · model-written summary
Water seeding produced significantly higher rice grain yields than dry direct seeding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- water seeding (WS)e0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- dry direct seeding (DDSR)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yields obtained under water seeding (WS) were statistically at par with transplanting (CT), but significantly superior to dry direct seeding (DDSR)”
e1“rice and its associated weed flora”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield attributes were higher under water seeding than dry direct seeding.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield attributes were significantly superior in WS as compared DDSR”
e1“rice and its associated weed flora”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield attributes under water seeding were at par with conventional transplanting.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield attributes were significantly superior in WS as compared DDSR, but were at par with CT”
e1“rice and its associated weed flora”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed density ranked dry direct seeding above water seeding above transplanting.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Interactor
- weed florae1weed
- Outcome
- Weed densitye0
- Direction
- DDSR > WS > CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed density followed the order of DDSR > WS > CT”
e1“rice and its associated weed flora”
Claim · model-written summary
Sedges became dominant as dry directly seeded rice aged.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- sedges dominatede0
CarexOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With the advancement in age of the crop, sedges dominated in DDSR”
e1“rice and its associated weed flora”
Claim · model-written summary
Broad-leaf weeds became dominant as water-seeded rice aged.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Interactor
- broad-leafweeds (BLW)e0weed
- Outcome
- dominatede0
- Setting
- WSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“broad-leafweeds (BLW) dominated in WS and CT methods of establishment”
e1“rice and its associated weed flora”
Claim · model-written summary
Broad-leaf weeds became dominant as transplanted rice aged.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Interactor
- broad-leafweeds (BLW)e0weed
- Outcome
- dominatede0
- Setting
- CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“broad-leafweeds (BLW) dominated in WS and CT methods of establishment”
e1“rice and its associated weed flora”
Claim · model-written summary
All herbicides significantly reduced weed density relative to a weedy check.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- All the herbicidese0
- Interactor
- weed florae1weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the herbicides reduced the weed density significantly as compared to weedy check”
e1“rice and its associated weed flora”
Claim · model-written summary
Penoxulam reduced weed density by 91% at 30 DAS/DAT relative to a weedy check.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Penoxulam (PE)e0
- Interactor
- weed florae1weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 91%e0
- Qualifier
- 30 DAS/DATe0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Penoxulam (PE) reduced the weed density and weed dry matter on an average by 91% and 92% at 30 DAS/DAT over weedy check, respectively”
e1“rice and its associated weed flora”
Claim · model-written summary
Penoxulam reduced weed dry matter by 92% at 30 DAS/DAT relative to a weedy check.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Penoxulam (PE)e0
- Interactor
- weed florae1weed
- Outcome
- weed dry mattere0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 92%e0
- Qualifier
- 30 DAS/DATe0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Penoxulam (PE) reduced the weed density and weed dry matter on an average by 91% and 92% at 30 DAS/DAT over weedy check, respectively”
e1“rice and its associated weed flora”
Claim · model-written summary
Penoxulam was significantly superior in controlling sedges.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- PEe0
- Outcome
- controlling all the sedgese0
- Direction
- superiore0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PE proved significantly superior in controlling all the sedges and grasses”
e1“rice and its associated weed flora”
Claim · model-written summary
Penoxulam was significantly superior in controlling grasses.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- PEe0
- Interactor
- grassese0weed
- Outcome
- controlling all the sedges and grassese0
- Direction
- superiore0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PE proved significantly superior in controlling all the sedges and grasses”
e1“rice and its associated weed flora”
Claim · model-written summary
Penoxulam was less effective against broad-leaf weeds.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae3
- Treatment
- Penoxulam (PE)e1
- Outcome
- less effective against BLWe0
- Direction
- lesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was less effective against BLW”
e1“Penoxulam (PE)”
e2“broad-leafweeds (BLW)”
e3“rice and its associated weed flora”
Claim · model-written summary
Weeds reduced yield by 58% in the weedy check, the maximum reduction.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- reduction in yielde0
- Direction
- Maximum reductione0
- Value
- 58%e0
- Setting
- weedy check (WC)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum reduction in yield due to weeds was observed in weedy check (WC) (58%)”
e1“rice and its associated weed flora”
Claim · model-written summary
The lowest weed-related yield reduction was 3% with penoxulam.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- PEe0
- Interactor
- weedse1weed
- Outcome
- reduction in yielde1
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 3%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest was observed in PE (3%)”
e1“Maximum reduction in yield due to weeds was observed in weedy check (WC) (58%)”
e2“rice and its associated weed flora”
Claim · model-written summary
Penoxulam at 22.5 g ha−1 under water seeding gave the highest average weed control efficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- PE @ 22.5 g ha−1e0
- Interactor
- weed florae1weed
- Outcome
- average weed control efficiencye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- WS method of crop establishmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of PE @ 22.5 g ha−1 under the WS method of crop establishment resulted in highest average weed control efficiency and grain yield”
e1“rice and its associated weed flora”
Claim · model-written summary
Penoxulam at 22.5 g ha−1 under water seeding gave the highest grain yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- PE @ 22.5 g ha−1e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- WS method of crop establishmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of PE @ 22.5 g ha−1 under the WS method of crop establishment resulted in highest average weed control efficiency and grain yield”
e1“rice and its associated weed flora”
The same questions in other papers
herbicide · weed · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
578 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
599 papers more in this group
See all 603 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.