Abstract
An increasing water crisis, as well as the unavailability and high cost of labor, in Pakistan has forced rice‐growers to plant rice directly into the field. However, severe weed infestation causes disastrous effects on the productivity of this rice system. In this study, three herbicides (pendimethalin, penoxsulam and bispyribac‐sodium) were evaluated for weed control in direct‐planted rice on a sandy loam soil. Weedy check and weed‐free plots were established for comparison. Weed infestation decreased the rice yield by 75.2%. However, the application of herbicides suppressed the weed infestation, with a simultaneous increase in the rice yield. The postemergence application of bispyribac‐sodium was the most effective herbicide in reducing the total weed density and dry weight over the weedy check, followed by penoxsulam and pendimethalin, respectively. Bispyribac‐sodium increased the number of productive tillers, 1000‐grain weight, number of grains per panicle and grain yield over the control, as well as improved the water productivity and economic returns of direct‐planted rice. The weeds' proliferation increased the number of unproductive tillers and decreased the plant height. In conclusion, the postemergence application of bispyribac‐sodium can be used effectively to control weeds, increase water productivity and improve the economic returns and yield of direct‐planted rice on a sandy loam soil in Pakistan.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Weed infestation decreased rice yield by 75.2% relative to weed-free plots.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae5 - Treatment
- Weed infestatione1
- Interactor
- Weede1weed
- Outcome
- rice yielde1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 75.2%e1
- Comparator
- weed‐free plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weedy check and weed‐free plots were established for comparison”
e1“Weed infestation decreased the rice yield by 75.2%”
e5“as well as improved the water productivity and economic returns of direct‐planted rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide application suppressed weed infestation in direct-planted rice relative to the weedy check.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae5
- Treatment
- application of herbicidese2
- Interactor
- weede2weed
- Outcome
- weed infestatione2
- Direction
- suppressede2
- Comparator
- weedy checke3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the application of herbicides suppressed the weed infestation, with a simultaneous increase in the rice yield”
e3“The postemergence application of bispyribac‐sodium was the most effective herbicide in reducing the total weed density and dry weight over the weedy check”
e5“as well as improved the water productivity and economic returns of direct‐planted rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide application increased direct-planted rice yield relative to the control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae5
- Treatment
- application of herbicidese2
- Outcome
- rice yielde2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Comparator
- controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the application of herbicides suppressed the weed infestation, with a simultaneous increase in the rice yield”
e4“Bispyribac‐sodium increased the number of productive tillers, 1000‐grain weight, number of grains per panicle and grain yield over the control”
e5“as well as improved the water productivity and economic returns of direct‐planted rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Postemergence bispyribac-sodium was the most effective herbicide in reducing total weed density and dry weight over the weedy check.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae5
- Treatment
- postemergence application of bispyribac‐sodiume3
- Interactor
- weede3weed
- Outcome
- total weed density and dry weighte3
- Direction
- most effectivee3
- Comparator
- weedy checke3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The postemergence application of bispyribac‐sodium was the most effective herbicide in reducing the total weed density and dry weight over the weedy check”
e5“as well as improved the water productivity and economic returns of direct‐planted rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Postemergence bispyribac-sodium increased productive tillers, 1000-grain weight and grains per panicle over the control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae5
- Treatment
- postemergence application of bispyribac‐sodiume3
- Outcome
- number of productive tillers, 1000‐grain weight, number of grains per paniclee4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The postemergence application of bispyribac‐sodium was the most effective herbicide in reducing the total weed density and dry weight over the weedy check”
e4“Bispyribac‐sodium increased the number of productive tillers, 1000‐grain weight, number of grains per panicle and grain yield over the control”
e5“as well as improved the water productivity and economic returns of direct‐planted rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Postemergence bispyribac-sodium increased grain yield over the control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae5
- Treatment
- postemergence application of bispyribac‐sodiume3
- Outcome
- grain yielde4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The postemergence application of bispyribac‐sodium was the most effective herbicide in reducing the total weed density and dry weight over the weedy check”
e4“Bispyribac‐sodium increased the number of productive tillers, 1000‐grain weight, number of grains per panicle and grain yield over the control”
e5“as well as improved the water productivity and economic returns of direct‐planted rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Bispyribac-sodium improved water productivity and economic returns of direct-planted rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae5
- Treatment
- Bispyribac‐sodiume4
- Outcome
- water productivity and economic returnse5
- Direction
- improvede5
- Comparator
- controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Bispyribac‐sodium increased the number of productive tillers, 1000‐grain weight, number of grains per panicle and grain yield over the control”
e5“as well as improved the water productivity and economic returns of direct‐planted rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed proliferation increased the number of unproductive tillers in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae5
- Interactor
- weedse6weed
- Outcome
- number of unproductive tillerse6
- Direction
- increasede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“as well as improved the water productivity and economic returns of direct‐planted rice”
e6“The weeds' proliferation increased the number of unproductive tillers and decreased the plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed proliferation decreased rice plant height.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae5
- Interactor
- weedse6weed
- Outcome
- plant heighte6
- Direction
- decreasede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“as well as improved the water productivity and economic returns of direct‐planted rice”
e6“The weeds' proliferation increased the number of unproductive tillers and decreased the plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
Postemergence bispyribac-sodium can be used effectively to control weeds in direct-planted rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae5
- Outcome
- to control weedse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“as well as improved the water productivity and economic returns of direct‐planted rice”
e7“the postemergence application of bispyribac‐sodium can be used effectively to control weeds”
The same questions in other papers
bispyribac-sodium · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
160 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
166 papers more in this group
See all 170 papers →bispyribac-sodium · physiology: water · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →bispyribac-sodium · weed · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
148 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- no effect
149 papers more in this group
See all 153 papers →infection · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
34 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
40 papers more in this group
See all 44 papers →herbicide · weed · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
578 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
599 papers more in this group
See all 603 papers →herbicide · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
724 papers in the same direction as this paper · 57 in the opposite direction · 20 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- no effect
798 papers more in this group
See all 802 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.