Abstract
The whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius) and leafhopper (Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida) are two major sucking pests causing considerable damage in cowpea production. Considering the negative impact of chemical pesticides on food safety, environment, and human welfare; an eco-friendly approach is aimed at utilizing naturally derived products for effective management of the aforesaid pests and maintain ecological balance. The present study was performed under field conditions to evaluate the performance of five naturally derived components [water plant extracts viz. chili (Capsicum annum), garlic (Allium sativum L.), and neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) along with cow urine in three different combinations, two formulated entomopathogenic fungi (Metarrhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana) along with one positive (Imidacloprid) and negative (water) control. The study was designed in RCBD with three replications for the years 2019 and 2020, respectively. Combined application of neem, chili, garlic, and cow urine extracts (NCGC) at 10% w/v had the highest population reduction of whitefly (0.09 & 0.10 per three leaves) and leafhopper (0.03 & 0.04 per three leaves) over both standard controls after two round of application in the year 2019 and 2020, respectively. Natural enemies (coccinellids) population was drastically reduced in positive control whereas the population build-up strengthened in all other treatments including negative control. Cowpea treated with NCGC produced a higher economic yield (1.54 Mg ha−1) than those of other treatments. The study suggests that NCGC is an effective biorational based technology for sustainable management of whitefly and leafhopper in cowpea cropping system with ensuring food safety and eco-friendly approach. This novel finding can be integrated with an integrated pest management program for diverse cropping systems.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Combined neem, chili, garlic and cow urine extracts (NCGC) at 10% w/v gave the highest reduction of whitefly population in cowpea after two rounds of application, relative to the standard controls.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- Combined application of neem, chili, garlic, and cow urine extracts (NCGC) at 10% w/ve1
- Interactor
- whiteflye1pest
- Outcome
- population reduction of whiteflye1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 0.09 & 0.10 per three leavese1
- Qualifier
- after two round of applicatione1
- Comparator
- standard controlse1
- Setting
- field conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in cowpea ecosystem”
e0“The present study was performed under field conditions to evaluate the performance of five naturally derived components”
e1“Combined application of neem, chili, garlic, and cow urine extracts (NCGC) at 10% w/v had the highest population reduction of whitefly (0.09 & 0.10 per three leaves) and leafhopper (0.03 & 0.04 per three leaves) over both standard controls after two round of application in the year 2019 and 2020, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined NCGC at 10% w/v gave the highest reduction of leafhopper population in cowpea after two rounds of application, relative to the standard controls.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Combined application of neem, chili, garlic, and cow urine extracts (NCGC) at 10% w/ve1
- Interactor
- leafhoppere1pest
- Outcome
- population reductione1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 0.03 & 0.04 per three leavese1
- Qualifier
- after two round of applicatione1
- Comparator
- standard controlse1
- Setting
- field conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in cowpea ecosystem”
e0“The present study was performed under field conditions to evaluate the performance of five naturally derived components”
e1“Combined application of neem, chili, garlic, and cow urine extracts (NCGC) at 10% w/v had the highest population reduction of whitefly (0.09 & 0.10 per three leaves) and leafhopper (0.03 & 0.04 per three leaves) over both standard controls after two round of application in the year 2019 and 2020, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Natural enemies (coccinellids) population was drastically reduced in the positive control in cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- positive controle2
- Interactor
- coccinellidse2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Natural enemies (coccinellids) populatione2
- Direction
- drastically reducede2
- Comparator
- all other treatments including negative controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in cowpea ecosystem”
e2“Natural enemies (coccinellids) population was drastically reduced in positive control whereas the population build-up strengthened in all other treatments including negative control”
Claim · model-written summary
Natural enemy (coccinellid) population build-up strengthened in all other treatments in cowpea, compared with the positive control.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- all other treatmentse2
- Interactor
- coccinellidse2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- population build-upe2
- Direction
- strengthenede2
- Comparator
- positive controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in cowpea ecosystem”
e2“Natural enemies (coccinellids) population was drastically reduced in positive control whereas the population build-up strengthened in all other treatments including negative control”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea treated with NCGC produced a higher economic yield (1.54 Mg ha−1) than other treatments.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatae3
- Treatment
- NCGCe3
- Outcome
- economic yielde3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 1.54 Mg ha−1e3
- Comparator
- other treatmentse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Cowpea treated with NCGC produced a higher economic yield (1.54 Mg ha−1) than those of other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
NCGC is an effective biorational technology for sustainable management of whitefly and leafhopper in cowpea cropping systems.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae4
- Treatment
- NCGCe4
- Outcome
- sustainable management of whitefly and leafhoppere4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The study suggests that NCGC is an effective biorational based technology for sustainable management of whitefly and leafhopper in cowpea cropping system”
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See all 126 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.