Abstract
Cowpea Vigna unguiculata is an important source of nutritious food for man for healthy living and provides fodder to the animal for optimum production and grows in the ecological part of Nigeria. However, despite its importance to man and national development, its main cultivation challenge is insect pests which sometimes account for as high as 40 % loss in production. The continuous use of conventional insecticides to control pests is resulting in unbearable health hazards, hence the need for alternative control measures such as the use of botanicals. This study evaluated the efficacy of neem seed extract biopesticide compared to cypermethrin synthetic insecticide for the management of Thrips, Maruca vitrata and Clavigralla tomentosicollis on cowpea varieties in Maiduguri, Borno State of Nigeria. The neem seed extract was extracted following standard procedures and used as a treatment alongside cypermethrin against the three pests at weekly intervals on four cowpea varieties. Pest population buildup was monitored for five weeks on treated and untreated (control) crops beginning from 24 hours after each treatment on weekly bases. The result revealed a significant reduction (P>0.05) in the population buildup of the three pests on both neem seed oil and cypermethrin-treated crops compared to the control. No significant difference (P>0.05) in population reduction was observed between crops treated with neem seed extract and Cypermethrin. Consequently, there was a significant increase in the grain yield of cowpea on treated plots compared to untreated plots. The neem seed extract has demonstrated a high potential substitute for synthetic insecticide to control the three insect pests.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Neem seed oil significantly reduced Thrips population buildup versus untreated cowpea.
- Taxon
- Cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- neem seed oile0
- Outcome
- population buildupe0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- the controle0
ThripsOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant reduction (P>0.05) in the population buildup of the three pests on both neem seed oil and cypermethrin-treated crops compared to the control.”
t0“Cowpea”
e1“Thrips, Maruca vitrata and Clavigralla tomentosicollis”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem seed oil significantly reduced Maruca vitrata population buildup versus untreated cowpea.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- neem seed oile0
- Interactor
- Maruca vitrata
Maruca vitratae1pest - Outcome
- population buildupe0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant reduction (P>0.05) in the population buildup of the three pests on both neem seed oil and cypermethrin-treated crops compared to the control.”
t0“Cowpea”
e1“Thrips, Maruca vitrata and Clavigralla tomentosicollis”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem seed oil significantly reduced Clavigralla tomentosicollis population buildup versus untreated cowpea.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- neem seed oile0
- Interactor
- Clavigralla tomentosicollisClavigralla tomentosicollise1pest
- Outcome
- population buildupe0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant reduction (P>0.05) in the population buildup of the three pests on both neem seed oil and cypermethrin-treated crops compared to the control.”
t0“Cowpea”
e1“Thrips, Maruca vitrata and Clavigralla tomentosicollis”
Claim · model-written summary
Cypermethrin significantly reduced cowpea pest population buildup versus untreated crops.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- cypermethrine0
- Outcome
- population buildup of the three pestse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant reduction (P>0.05) in the population buildup of the three pests on both neem seed oil and cypermethrin-treated crops compared to the control.”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Pest population reduction did not differ significantly between neem extract and cypermethrin treatments.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- neem seed extracte0
- Outcome
- population reductione0
- Direction
- No significant differencee0
- Comparator
- Cypermethrine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant difference (P>0.05) in population reduction was observed between crops treated with neem seed extract and Cypermethrin.”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated cowpea plots had significantly higher grain yield than untreated plots.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- treated plotse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- untreated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was a significant increase in the grain yield of cowpea on treated plots compared to untreated plots.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose neem seed extract as a substitute for synthetic insecticide against the three cowpea pests.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- neem seed extracte0
- Outcome
- substitute for synthetic insecticidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The neem seed extract has demonstrated a high potential substitute for synthetic insecticide to control the three insect pests.”
t0“Cowpea”
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