Abstract
In this study, the effects of four concentrations of humic acid (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 kg ha−1, HA applied to the soil) and kinetin (0, 25, 50, and 75 mg L−1, KT, foliar sprayed) on vegetative growth, yield and biochemical attributes of radish cv. Watermelon, grown in two seasons of spring and autumn, were investigated. Results showed that, the number of leaves per plant, leaf area and chlorophyll content increased with application of HA and KT in both seasons, while the high levels of treatments had no significant effect on leaf number per plant and chlorophyll content in spring season. The root diameter, fresh weight and yield increased significantly with application of HA and KT in both seasons, though, this increase was noticeable in the autumn season. Our results also showed that radish root treated by HA and KT exhibited higher root firmness, vitamin C, anthocyanin content and total soluble solids (TSS), especially in autumn cultivation. Macronutrient contents of root including magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), nitrogen (N), and calcium (Ca) were significantly enhanced by HA and KT, however high concentration of KT in combination with high concentration of HA decreased some nutrient contents. Generally, the results of this study demonstrated that cultivation season is one of the most important management tools to minimize the negative effects of high temperature during root development. In addition, the benefits of KT spray combined with HA were inconsistent between both seasons, but showed more in the autumn crops.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid and kinetin increased radish leaf number, leaf area and chlorophyll in both seasons.
- Taxon
- radish
Raphanus sativust1 - Treatment
- HA and KTe0
- Outcome
- number of leaves per plant, leaf area and chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- both seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the number of leaves per plant, leaf area and chlorophyll content increased with application of HA and KT in both seasons”
t1“radish ( Raphanus sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
High treatment levels did not significantly affect spring leaf number and chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust1
- Treatment
- high levels of treatmentse0
- Outcome
- leaf number per plant and chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
- Qualifier
- spring seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the high levels of treatments had no significant effect on leaf number per plant and chlorophyll content in spring season”
t1“radish ( Raphanus sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid and kinetin significantly increased radish root diameter, fresh weight and yield in both seasons.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust1
- Treatment
- HA and KTe0
- Outcome
- root diameter, fresh weight and yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- both seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The root diameter, fresh weight and yield increased significantly with application of HA and KT in both seasons”
t1“radish ( Raphanus sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The increase in root size and yield was more noticeable in autumn.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust1
- Outcome
- increasee0
- Setting
- autumn seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this increase was noticeable in the autumn season”
t1“radish ( Raphanus sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid and kinetin increased radish root firmness, vitamin C and anthocyanin content.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust1
- Treatment
- HA and KTe0
- Outcome
- root firmness, vitamin C, anthocyanin contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- especially in autumn cultivatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“radish root treated by HA and KT exhibited higher root firmness, vitamin C, anthocyanin content and total soluble solids (TSS), especially in autumn cultivation”
t1“radish ( Raphanus sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid and kinetin increased radish root total soluble solids, especially in autumn.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust1
- Treatment
- HA and KTe0
- Outcome
- total soluble solids (TSS)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- especially in autumn cultivatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“radish root treated by HA and KT exhibited higher root firmness, vitamin C, anthocyanin content and total soluble solids (TSS), especially in autumn cultivation”
t1“radish ( Raphanus sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid and kinetin significantly enhanced radish root magnesium, phosphorus and potassium.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust1
- Treatment
- HA and KTe0
- Outcome
- magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), potassium (K)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Macronutrient contents of root including magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), nitrogen (N), and calcium (Ca) were significantly enhanced by HA and KT”
t1“radish ( Raphanus sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid and kinetin significantly enhanced radish root nitrogen and calcium.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust1
- Treatment
- HA and KTe0
- Outcome
- nitrogen (N), and calcium (Ca)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Macronutrient contents of root including magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), nitrogen (N), and calcium (Ca) were significantly enhanced by HA and KT”
t1“radish ( Raphanus sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining high kinetin and high humic acid reduced some root nutrient contents.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust1
- Treatment
- high concentration of KT in combination with high concentration of HAe0
- Outcome
- some nutrient contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high concentration of KT in combination with high concentration of HA decreased some nutrient contents”
t1“radish ( Raphanus sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment benefits varied between seasons and were greater in autumn crops.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust1
- Treatment
- KT spray combined with HAe0
- Outcome
- benefitse0
- Direction
- showed moree0
- Qualifier
- autumn cropse0
- Comparator
- both seasonse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the benefits of KT spray combined with HA were inconsistent between both seasons, but showed more in the autumn crops”
t1“radish ( Raphanus sativus L.)”
The same questions in other papers
kinetin · nutrient: content · Raphanus sativus (radish)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
kinetin · quality: sugar starch · Raphanus sativus (radish)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
kinetin · yield · Raphanus sativus (radish)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
kinetin · physiology: pigments · Raphanus sativus (radish)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.