Abstract
Information on the effect of nitrogen fertilizer rates on sesame seed composition and nutrition is scarce. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application rates on sesame seed yield, protein, oil, fatty acids, and mineral nutrition. A two-year (2014, 2015) field experiment was conducted. Nitrogen fertilizer (urea ammonium nitrate) solution (UAN, 32% N) was applied by side dressing to four sesame varieties (S-34, S-35, S-38, S-39) from Sesaco Corporation at rates of 44.7, 67.2, 89.6 and 112.0 kg ha-1, and the rate at 44.7 kg ha-1 was considered control as is traditionally recommended in the region. The remaining nitrogen was applied at the initial reproductive stage. Increasing nitrogen application rates resulted in higher protein and oleic acid contents in two varieties in 2014, and in all varieties in 2015. Increased protein and oleic acid was accompanied by lower total oil and linoleic acid. Increased nitrogen application also resulted in higher seed N, S, B, Cu, Fe, and Zn in 2014 in S-34 and S-35, but either a decline or no clear change was observed in seed levels of these nutrients in S-38 and S-39. In 2015, increased nitrogen application resulted in significantly higher seed N in all varieties, higher S in S-39; B in S-38, and S-39; Cu in S-34, S-35, and S-38; Fe in S-35; Zn in S-35, and S-39; and K in S-38 and S-39. However, seed K decreased significantly in S-34 and S-35. A significant positive correlation was observed between nitrogen application rate and yield, and with seed levels of protein, oleic, acid, N, B, Cu, Fe, and Zn. A significant negative correlation was observed between nitrogen application rate and seed oil and linoleic acid. Thus, increased nitrogen fertilizer application resulted in higher seed protein, oleic acid and some mineral nutrients, but lower oil and linoleic acid. However, this effect depended on variety and environmental conditions. Because higher protein and oleic acid are desirable traits for sesame seed nutritional value and oil stability, regional breeders should select sesame varieties for efficient fertilizer response.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen rates raised seed protein and oleic acid contents
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicum
Sesamum indicumt0 - Treatment
- Increasing nitrogen application ratese2
- Outcome
- protein and oleic acid contentse2
- Direction
- highere2
- Qualifier
- in two varieties in 2014, and in all varieties in 2015e2
- Comparator
- the rate at 44.7 kg ha-1e1
- Setting
- fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum)”
e0“A two-year (2014, 2015) field experiment was conducted”
e1“and the rate at 44.7 kg ha-1 was considered control as is traditionally recommended in the region”
e2“Increasing nitrogen application rates resulted in higher protein and oleic acid contents in two varieties in 2014, and in all varieties in 2015”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen rates lowered total oil and linoleic acid in seed
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicumSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- Increasing nitrogen application ratese2
- Outcome
- total oil and linoleic acide3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Comparator
- the rate at 44.7 kg ha-1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum)”
e1“and the rate at 44.7 kg ha-1 was considered control as is traditionally recommended in the region”
e2“Increasing nitrogen application rates resulted in higher protein and oleic acid contents in two varieties in 2014, and in all varieties in 2015”
e3“Increased protein and oleic acid was accompanied by lower total oil and linoleic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased nitrogen raised seed N, S and B in 2014 in S-34 and S-35
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicumSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- Increased nitrogen applicatione4
- Outcome
- seed N, S, Be4
- Direction
- highere4
- Qualifier
- in 2014 in S-34 and S-35e4
- Comparator
- the rate at 44.7 kg ha-1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum)”
e1“and the rate at 44.7 kg ha-1 was considered control as is traditionally recommended in the region”
e4“Increased nitrogen application also resulted in higher seed N, S, B, Cu, Fe, and Zn in 2014 in S-34 and S-35”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased nitrogen raised seed Cu, Fe and Zn in 2014 in S-34 and S-35
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicumSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- Increased nitrogen applicatione4
- Outcome
- Cu, Fe, and Zne4
- Direction
- highere4
- Qualifier
- in 2014 in S-34 and S-35e4
- Comparator
- the rate at 44.7 kg ha-1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum)”
e1“and the rate at 44.7 kg ha-1 was considered control as is traditionally recommended in the region”
e4“Increased nitrogen application also resulted in higher seed N, S, B, Cu, Fe, and Zn in 2014 in S-34 and S-35”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased nitrogen significantly raised seed N in all varieties in 2015
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicumSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- increased nitrogen applicatione5
- Outcome
- seed Ne5
- Direction
- highere5
- Qualifier
- in all varietiese5
- Comparator
- the rate at 44.7 kg ha-1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum)”
e1“and the rate at 44.7 kg ha-1 was considered control as is traditionally recommended in the region”
e5“In 2015, increased nitrogen application resulted in significantly higher seed N in all varieties, higher S in S-39; B in S-38, and S-39; Cu in S-34, S-35, and S-38; Fe in S-35; Zn in S-35, and S-39; and K in S-38 and S-39. However, seed K decreased significantly in S-34 and S-35”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2015 increased nitrogen raised seed S in S-39
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicumSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- increased nitrogen applicatione5
- Outcome
- Se5
- Direction
- highere5
- Qualifier
- in S-39e5
- Comparator
- the rate at 44.7 kg ha-1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum)”
e1“and the rate at 44.7 kg ha-1 was considered control as is traditionally recommended in the region”
e5“In 2015, increased nitrogen application resulted in significantly higher seed N in all varieties, higher S in S-39; B in S-38, and S-39; Cu in S-34, S-35, and S-38; Fe in S-35; Zn in S-35, and S-39; and K in S-38 and S-39. However, seed K decreased significantly in S-34 and S-35”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2015 increased nitrogen raised seed B in S-38 and S-39
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicumSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- increased nitrogen applicatione5
- Outcome
- Be5
- Direction
- highere5
- Qualifier
- in S-38, and S-39e5
- Comparator
- the rate at 44.7 kg ha-1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum)”
e1“and the rate at 44.7 kg ha-1 was considered control as is traditionally recommended in the region”
e5“In 2015, increased nitrogen application resulted in significantly higher seed N in all varieties, higher S in S-39; B in S-38, and S-39; Cu in S-34, S-35, and S-38; Fe in S-35; Zn in S-35, and S-39; and K in S-38 and S-39. However, seed K decreased significantly in S-34 and S-35”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2015 increased nitrogen raised seed Cu in S-34, S-35 and S-38
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicumSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- increased nitrogen applicatione5
- Outcome
- Cue5
- Direction
- highere5
- Qualifier
- in S-34, S-35, and S-38e5
- Comparator
- the rate at 44.7 kg ha-1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum)”
e1“and the rate at 44.7 kg ha-1 was considered control as is traditionally recommended in the region”
e5“In 2015, increased nitrogen application resulted in significantly higher seed N in all varieties, higher S in S-39; B in S-38, and S-39; Cu in S-34, S-35, and S-38; Fe in S-35; Zn in S-35, and S-39; and K in S-38 and S-39. However, seed K decreased significantly in S-34 and S-35”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2015 increased nitrogen raised seed Fe in S-35
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicumSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- increased nitrogen applicatione5
- Outcome
- Fee5
- Direction
- highere5
- Qualifier
- in S-35e5
- Comparator
- the rate at 44.7 kg ha-1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum)”
e1“and the rate at 44.7 kg ha-1 was considered control as is traditionally recommended in the region”
e5“In 2015, increased nitrogen application resulted in significantly higher seed N in all varieties, higher S in S-39; B in S-38, and S-39; Cu in S-34, S-35, and S-38; Fe in S-35; Zn in S-35, and S-39; and K in S-38 and S-39. However, seed K decreased significantly in S-34 and S-35”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2015 increased nitrogen raised seed Zn in S-35 and S-39
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicumSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- increased nitrogen applicatione5
- Outcome
- Zne5
- Direction
- highere5
- Qualifier
- in S-35, and S-39e5
- Comparator
- the rate at 44.7 kg ha-1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum)”
e1“and the rate at 44.7 kg ha-1 was considered control as is traditionally recommended in the region”
e5“In 2015, increased nitrogen application resulted in significantly higher seed N in all varieties, higher S in S-39; B in S-38, and S-39; Cu in S-34, S-35, and S-38; Fe in S-35; Zn in S-35, and S-39; and K in S-38 and S-39. However, seed K decreased significantly in S-34 and S-35”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2015 increased nitrogen raised seed K in S-38 and S-39
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicumSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- increased nitrogen applicatione5
- Outcome
- Ke5
- Direction
- highere5
- Qualifier
- in S-38 and S-39e5
- Comparator
- the rate at 44.7 kg ha-1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum)”
e1“and the rate at 44.7 kg ha-1 was considered control as is traditionally recommended in the region”
e5“In 2015, increased nitrogen application resulted in significantly higher seed N in all varieties, higher S in S-39; B in S-38, and S-39; Cu in S-34, S-35, and S-38; Fe in S-35; Zn in S-35, and S-39; and K in S-38 and S-39. However, seed K decreased significantly in S-34 and S-35”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased nitrogen significantly lowered seed K in S-34 and S-35
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicumSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- increased nitrogen applicatione5
- Outcome
- seed Ke5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Qualifier
- in S-34 and S-35e5
- Comparator
- the rate at 44.7 kg ha-1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum)”
e1“and the rate at 44.7 kg ha-1 was considered control as is traditionally recommended in the region”
e5“In 2015, increased nitrogen application resulted in significantly higher seed N in all varieties, higher S in S-39; B in S-38, and S-39; Cu in S-34, S-35, and S-38; Fe in S-35; Zn in S-35, and S-39; and K in S-38 and S-39. However, seed K decreased significantly in S-34 and S-35”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application rate was positively correlated with yield
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicumSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen application ratee6
- Outcome
- yielde6
- Direction
- positivee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum)”
e6“A significant positive correlation was observed between nitrogen application rate and yield, and with seed levels of protein, oleic, acid, N, B, Cu, Fe, and Zn. A significant negative correlation was observed between nitrogen application rate and seed oil and linoleic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application rate was positively correlated with seed protein
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicumSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen application ratee6
- Outcome
- seed levels of proteine6
- Direction
- positivee6
- Qualifier
- N, B, Cu, Fe, and Zne6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum)”
e6“A significant positive correlation was observed between nitrogen application rate and yield, and with seed levels of protein, oleic, acid, N, B, Cu, Fe, and Zn. A significant negative correlation was observed between nitrogen application rate and seed oil and linoleic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application rate was negatively correlated with seed oil and linoleic acid
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicumSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen application ratee6
- Outcome
- seed oil and linoleic acide6
- Direction
- negativee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum)”
e6“A significant positive correlation was observed between nitrogen application rate and yield, and with seed levels of protein, oleic, acid, N, B, Cu, Fe, and Zn. A significant negative correlation was observed between nitrogen application rate and seed oil and linoleic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Regional breeders should select sesame varieties for efficient fertilizer response
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicumSesamum indicumt0
- Outcome
- select sesame varieties for efficient fertilizer responsee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum)”
e7“Because higher protein and oleic acid are desirable traits for sesame seed nutritional value and oil stability, regional breeders should select sesame varieties for efficient fertilizer response”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · quality: oil · Sesamum indicum (sesame)Positive and negative results
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