Abstract
Abstract Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) is one of the main economical spices produced by poor smallholder farmers in the highlands of Ethiopia for both marketing and consumption. However, its productivity in the area has ever been declining mainly due to soil fertility depletion. Hence, an experiment was conducted under irrigation for two years in 2017 and 2018 in one of northwest Ethiopian highlands known as Lay Gayint to assess the productivity response of garlic to NPS inorganic fertilizers and cattle manure applications. Factorial combinations of four levels of N–P 2 O 5 –S inorganic fertilizers (0–0–0; 70–21–9; 112–37–16; and 159–58–25 kg ha −1 ) and four levels of fresh cattle manure (0, 5, 10, and 15 t ha −1 ) were laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Unlike that of NPS inorganic fertilizers application and its interaction with cattle manure, physicochemical properties of the experimental soil were highly significantly improved with cattle manure application. Most growth and bulb yield parameters of garlic were significantly influenced by combined applications of NPS inorganic fertilizers and cattle manure, and their responses were more pronounced with the progress of the cropping seasons. Combined applications of 112–37–16 kg ha −1 N–P 2 O 5 –S inorganic fertilizers with 15 and 10 t ha −1 cattle manure gave the highest bulb yields (18.03–22.05 t ha −1 ), net benefits (Ethiopian Birr 509,456–626,814 per hectare), and marginal rate of returns (1,492.35–2,005.15%) in both study years of 2017 and 2018. Hence, combined applications of 112–37–16 kg ha −1 N–P 2 O 5 –S inorganic fertilizers with 10–15 t ha −1 cattle manure are recommendable for garlic growing farmers in northwest Ethiopian highlands.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Cattle manure highly significantly improved soil physicochemical properties.
- Taxon
- garlic
Allium sativumt0 - Treatment
- cattle manure applicatione0
- Outcome
- physicochemical properties of the experimental soile0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“physicochemical properties of the experimental soil were highly significantly improved with cattle manure application”
t0“garlic (Allium sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NPS fertilizers and their manure interaction did not show the same soil improvement.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- NPS inorganic fertilizers applicatione0
- Outcome
- physicochemical properties of the experimental soile0
- Comparator
- cattle manure applicatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Unlike that of NPS inorganic fertilizers application and its interaction with cattle manure, physicochemical properties of the experimental soil were highly significantly improved with cattle manure application”
t0“garlic (Allium sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined NPS fertilizer and manure significantly influenced most garlic growth parameters.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- combined applications of NPS inorganic fertilizers and cattle manuree0
- Outcome
- growthe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most growth and bulb yield parameters of garlic were significantly influenced by combined applications of NPS inorganic fertilizers and cattle manure”
t0“garlic (Allium sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined NPS fertilizer and manure significantly influenced most bulb yield parameters.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- combined applications of NPS inorganic fertilizers and cattle manuree0
- Outcome
- bulb yield parameters of garlice0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most growth and bulb yield parameters of garlic were significantly influenced by combined applications of NPS inorganic fertilizers and cattle manure”
t0“garlic (Allium sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth and yield responses became more pronounced as cropping seasons progressed.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Outcome
- responsese0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
- Setting
- cropping seasonse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“their responses were more pronounced with the progress of the cropping seasons”
t0“garlic (Allium sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined fertilizer with 15 t/ha manure gave among the highest bulb yields, 18.03–22.05 t/ha.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- 112–37–16 kg ha −1 N–P 2 O 5 –S inorganic fertilizers with 15 and 10 t ha −1 cattle manuree0
- Outcome
- bulb yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 18.03–22.05 t ha −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined applications of 112–37–16 kg ha −1 N–P 2 O 5 –S inorganic fertilizers with 15 and 10 t ha −1 cattle manure gave the highest bulb yields (18.03–22.05 t ha −1 )”
t0“garlic (Allium sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
These combined applications gave net benefits of Ethiopian Birr 509,456–626,814 per hectare.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Outcome
- net benefitse0
- Value
- Ethiopian Birr 509,456–626,814 per hectaree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“net benefits (Ethiopian Birr 509,456–626,814 per hectare)”
t0“garlic (Allium sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
These combined applications gave marginal returns of 1,492.35–2,005.15%.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Outcome
- marginal rate of returnse0
- Value
- 1,492.35–2,005.15%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“marginal rate of returns (1,492.35–2,005.15%)”
t0“garlic (Allium sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend combined 112–37–16 kg/ha NPS fertilizer and 10–15 t/ha manure for garlic farmers.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- 112–37–16 kg ha −1 N–P 2 O 5 –S inorganic fertilizers with 10–15 t ha −1 cattle manuree0
- Outcome
- recommendable for garlic growing farmerse0
- Setting
- northwest Ethiopian highlandse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined applications of 112–37–16 kg ha −1 N–P 2 O 5 –S inorganic fertilizers with 10–15 t ha −1 cattle manure are recommendable for garlic growing farmers in northwest Ethiopian highlands”
t0“garlic (Allium sativum L.)”
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fertilization · yield · Allium sativum (garlic)Results differ
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