Abstract
Carnosic acid (CA) and carnosol (CS) are abietane-type diterpenes with plenty of biologic properties [1] [2]. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of 60 plant species of Lamiaceae, growing in Greece, regarding their content in CA, 12-methoxy-carnosic acid (12MΟCA), CS and 7-methoxy-epirosmanol (7MER) using 1H-qNMR is presented.The methanolic extracts from leaves of species: Ballota, Hyssopus, Lavandula, Marubium, Nepeta, Phlomis, Ocimum, Origanum, Rosmarinus, Salvia, Stachys, Coridothymus, Mentha, Melissa, Sideritis, Satureja, Teucrium, Lamium and Betonica, were analysed using as standards the isolated and fully structurally characterized metabolites by our group. At least one of the target compounds was detected in 29 species: Rosmarinus (2), Salvia (23), Melissa, Ocimum, Mentha (2). 7MER has not been determined in any of the extracts. All three CA, CS and 12OMCA, were identified only in Salvia (9) and Rosmarinus (2). The richest source in CA was S. pomifera subsp. pomifera (Cretan sage) (21.6±0.6 mg/g dry leaves)>S. fruticosa (Greek sage) (12.5±1.6 mg/g)>S. officinalis L. (Common sage) (11.7±4.3 mg/g), in CS was S. officinalis (1.1±0.4 mg/g)>R. officinalis L. (1.1±0.1 mg/g)>S. canariensis (1.1±0.3 mg/g) while in 12OMCA was S. microphylla (10.7±3.3 mg/g)>S. officinalis (6.1±2.3 mg/g)>S. fruticosa (3.1±0.3 mg/g). Salvia and Rosemary revealed as best sources for CA, CS and 12MOCA among the studied species. 1H-qNMR spectroscopy offers a useful tool for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the examined compounds in complex extracts, in a simple, rapid and direct way without sample deterioration.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
At least one target compound was detected in 29 species.
- Taxon
- RosmarinusSalvia subgen. Rosmarinuse0
- Outcome
- target compoundse0
- Value
- 29 speciese0
Verbatim
e0“At least one of the target compounds was detected in 29 species: Rosmarinus (2), Salvia (23), Melissa, Ocimum, Mentha (2).”
Claim · model-written summary
7MER was not detected in the extracts.
- Outcome
- 7MER has not been determinede0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“7MER has not been determined in any of the extracts.”
Claim · model-written summary
CA, CS and 12OMCA occurred together in nine Salvia species.
SalviaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All three CA, CS and 12OMCA, were identified only in Salvia (9) and Rosmarinus (2).”
Claim · model-written summary
CA, CS and 12OMCA occurred together in two Rosmarinus species.
- Taxon
- RosmarinusSalvia subgen. Rosmarinuse0
- Outcome
- CA, CS and 12OMCAe0
- Value
- 2e0
Verbatim
e0“All three CA, CS and 12OMCA, were identified only in Salvia (9) and Rosmarinus (2).”
Claim · model-written summary
S. pomifera subsp. pomifera had the highest reported CA content.
- Taxon
- S. pomifera subsp. pomifera
Salvia pomiferae0 - Outcome
- CAe1
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 21.6±0.6 mg/g dry leavese0
- Comparator
- S. fruticosae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. pomifera subsp. pomifera (Cretan sage) (21.6±0.6 mg/g dry leaves)>S. fruticosa”
e1“All three CA, CS and 12OMCA, were identified only in Salvia (9) and Rosmarinus (2).”
Claim · model-written summary
S. fruticosa had 12.5±1.6 mg/g CA.
- Taxon
- S. fruticosa
Salvia fruticosae0 - Outcome
- CAe1
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 12.5±1.6 mg/ge0
- Comparator
- S. officinalis L.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. fruticosa (Greek sage) (12.5±1.6 mg/g)>S. officinalis L.”
e1“All three CA, CS and 12OMCA, were identified only in Salvia (9) and Rosmarinus (2).”
Claim · model-written summary
S. officinalis L. had 11.7±4.3 mg/g CA.
Verbatim
e0“S. officinalis L. (Common sage) (11.7±4.3 mg/g)”
e1“All three CA, CS and 12OMCA, were identified only in Salvia (9) and Rosmarinus (2).”
Claim · model-written summary
S. officinalis had 1.1±0.4 mg/g CS.
Verbatim
e0“S. officinalis (1.1±0.4 mg/g)>R. officinalis L.”
e1“All three CA, CS and 12OMCA, were identified only in Salvia (9) and Rosmarinus (2).”
Claim · model-written summary
R. officinalis L. had 1.1±0.1 mg/g CS.
- Taxon
- R. officinalis L.
Salvia rosmarinuse0 - Outcome
- CSe1
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 1.1±0.1 mg/ge0
- Comparator
- S. canariensise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“R. officinalis L. (1.1±0.1 mg/g)>S. canariensis”
e1“All three CA, CS and 12OMCA, were identified only in Salvia (9) and Rosmarinus (2).”
Claim · model-written summary
S. canariensis had 1.1±0.3 mg/g CS.
Verbatim
e0“S. canariensis (1.1±0.3 mg/g)”
e1“All three CA, CS and 12OMCA, were identified only in Salvia (9) and Rosmarinus (2).”
Claim · model-written summary
S. microphylla had 10.7±3.3 mg/g 12OMCA.
- Taxon
- S. microphylla
.jpg?width=60)
Salvia microphyllae0 - Outcome
- 12OMCAe1
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 10.7±3.3 mg/ge0
- Comparator
- S. officinalise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“S. microphylla (10.7±3.3 mg/g)>S. officinalis”
e1“All three CA, CS and 12OMCA, were identified only in Salvia (9) and Rosmarinus (2).”
Claim · model-written summary
S. officinalis had 6.1±2.3 mg/g 12OMCA.
Verbatim
e0“S. officinalis (6.1±2.3 mg/g)>S. fruticosa”
e1“All three CA, CS and 12OMCA, were identified only in Salvia (9) and Rosmarinus (2).”
Claim · model-written summary
S. fruticosa had 3.1±0.3 mg/g 12OMCA.
- Taxon
- S. fruticosaSalvia fruticosae0
- Outcome
- 12OMCAe1
- Value
- 3.1±0.3 mg/ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. fruticosa (3.1±0.3 mg/g)”
e1“All three CA, CS and 12OMCA, were identified only in Salvia (9) and Rosmarinus (2).”
Claim · model-written summary
Salvia was among the best sources of the three compounds.
- Outcome
- best sources for CA, CS and 12MOCAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salvia and Rosemary revealed as best sources for CA, CS and 12MOCA among the studied species.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rosemary was among the best sources of the three compounds.
- Taxon
- RosemarySalvia rosmarinuse0
- Outcome
- best sources for CA, CS and 12MOCAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salvia and Rosemary revealed as best sources for CA, CS and 12MOCA among the studied species.”
Claim · model-written summary
1H-qNMR provided simple, rapid and direct compound analysis.
- Outcome
- quantitative and qualitative analysise0
Not reportedTaxonComparatorValue
Verbatim
e0“1H-qNMR spectroscopy offers a useful tool for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the examined compounds in complex extracts, in a simple, rapid and direct way without sample deterioration.”