Abstract
Introduction. In the Russian Federation, rice is not one of the main food crops. But the Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the recommended annual consumption rate of cereals per inhabitant should not be less than 6 kg. Hence, every year the required amount of raw rice in the country should be determined in the amount of 1.5 million tons. In 2020, a little more than 1.2 million tons of raw rice were produced, which is 26% lower than the demand. At the same time, irrigation water is spent on 1 ha of crops from 12 to 25 thousand m 3 /ha and more. Based on this, this is the most water-intensive crop that is cultivated on irrigated land. The recent shortage of fresh water leads to the need to search for new water-saving ecologically tolerant technologies for irrigation of rice. The search for a solution to this problem was based on the scientific hypothesis that rice belongs to the bluegrass family, the full development cycle of which proceeds not as an anaerobic, but an aerobic plant that forms root hairs and uses soil moisture for its water supply. Object. We studied the reaction rates of the early ripening rice cultivar Volgogradsky to the water and food regimes of the soil. The purpose of the research was to substantiate the possibility of rice cultivation during drip irrigation, different soil water regimes and fertilizer application rates, which will provide 5, 6 and 7 t / ha of grain. Materials and methods. The scheme included a two-factor experiment. The first factor: 1 -permissible decrease in the moisture content of the active layer (0.6m) of the soil 80% of the lowest moisture capacity; 2 -until the end of the tillering phase of rice according to option 1 in a layer of 0.4 m, followed by an increase in the layer to 0.6 m; 3 -water regime according to the 2 option until the beginning of the wax ripeness of the grain, followed by a decrease in the pre-irrigation moisture content to 70% of the lowest moisture capacity. The second factor of the fertilizer application dose; B 1 for obtaining a yield of 5 t / ha of grain (N 95 P 62 K 75 ); B 2 -6 t / ha (N 114 P 74 K 90 ) and B 3 -7 t / ha (N 137 90 108 ). The studies were accompanied by observations, counts and measurements carried out in compliance with the requirements of experimental techniques. Results and conclusions. Studies have established that the maximum leaf area, 36.78 thousand m2 / ha, was formed in the variant of the water regime 100-80% of the lowest moisture capacity, h = 0.4 and 0.6 m (A 2 ), which is 3.3 and 1% more than in options 100-80% of the lowest moisture capacity, h = 0.6 m ( 2 ) and 100-80% HB, h = 0.4 and 0.6 m ( 2 ). The application of mineral fertilizers, N 95 P 62 K 75 (5 t / ha -B 1 ), N 114 P 74 K 90 (6 t / ha -B 2 ) and N 137 90 108 (7 t / ha -B 3 ), also had a stimulating effect on the main indicators of photosynthetic activity of plants. It was also determined that the planned yield at the level of 5 t / ha can be obtained on all variants of the water regime of the soil when applied with B 1 . But with a combination of 3 + B 2 , calculated per ton of grain, the volume of water supplied to the rice field was the smallest. The yield of 6 t / ha of grain was obtained in all the studied variants of the water regime, but against the background of a higher dose of B 2 fertilizers. Here, the most preferred combination was 3 + B 2 . Of all the studied factors, the minimum deviation of 0.71% from the planned level of 7 t / ha was obtained with a combination of 2 + B 3 . But the combination 3 + B 3 , which is less expensive per ton of grain and the cost of irrigation water (716 m 3 ). The calculation for economic efficiency showed that in all three variants of the water regime against the background of the introduction of B 1 , the yield was formed at the level of 5.0 t / ha with a profitability of 57.3 -92.6%. The introduction of B 2 , calculated to obtain 6.0 t / ha, contributed to its increase to 81.9 -92.6%, B 3 -7 t / ha to 104.1 -116.5%.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Water regime A2 produced the maximum rice leaf area of 36.78 thousand m2/ha.
- Taxon
- RICE
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- water regime 100-80% of the lowest moisture capacity, h = 0.4 and 0.6 m (A 2 )e0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 36.78 thousand m2 / hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum leaf area, 36.78 thousand m2 / ha, was formed in the variant of the water regime 100-80% of the lowest moisture capacity, h = 0.4 and 0.6 m (A 2 )”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
A2 leaf area exceeded one comparison regime by 3.3%.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- water regime 100-80% of the lowest moisture capacity, h = 0.4 and 0.6 m (A 2 )e1
- Outcome
- leaf areae1
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 3.3e0
- Comparator
- 100-80% of the lowest moisture capacity, h = 0.6 m ( 2 )e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which is 3.3 and 1% more than in options 100-80% of the lowest moisture capacity, h = 0.6 m ( 2 ) and 100-80% HB, h = 0.4 and 0.6 m ( 2 ).”
e1“the maximum leaf area, 36.78 thousand m2 / ha, was formed in the variant of the water regime 100-80% of the lowest moisture capacity, h = 0.4 and 0.6 m (A 2 )”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
A2 leaf area exceeded another comparison regime by 1%.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- water regime 100-80% of the lowest moisture capacity, h = 0.4 and 0.6 m (A 2 )e1
- Outcome
- leaf areae1
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 1%e0
- Comparator
- 100-80% HB, h = 0.4 and 0.6 m ( 2 )e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which is 3.3 and 1% more than in options 100-80% of the lowest moisture capacity, h = 0.6 m ( 2 ) and 100-80% HB, h = 0.4 and 0.6 m ( 2 ).”
e1“the maximum leaf area, 36.78 thousand m2 / ha, was formed in the variant of the water regime 100-80% of the lowest moisture capacity, h = 0.4 and 0.6 m (A 2 )”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
N 95 P 62 K 75 stimulated the main indicators of rice photosynthetic activity.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N 95 P 62 K 75e0
- Outcome
- main indicators of photosynthetic activitye0
- Direction
- stimulatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of mineral fertilizers, N 95 P 62 K 75 (5 t / ha -B 1 ), N 114 P 74 K 90 (6 t / ha -B 2 ) and N 137 90 108 (7 t / ha -B 3 ), also had a stimulating effect on the main indicators of photosynthetic activity of plants.”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
N 114 P 74 K 90 stimulated the main indicators of rice photosynthetic activity.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N 114 P 74 K 90e0
- Outcome
- main indicators of photosynthetic activitye0
- Direction
- stimulatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of mineral fertilizers, N 95 P 62 K 75 (5 t / ha -B 1 ), N 114 P 74 K 90 (6 t / ha -B 2 ) and N 137 90 108 (7 t / ha -B 3 ), also had a stimulating effect on the main indicators of photosynthetic activity of plants.”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
N 137 90 108 stimulated the main indicators of rice photosynthetic activity.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N 137 90 108e0
- Outcome
- main indicators of photosynthetic activitye0
- Direction
- stimulatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of mineral fertilizers, N 95 P 62 K 75 (5 t / ha -B 1 ), N 114 P 74 K 90 (6 t / ha -B 2 ) and N 137 90 108 (7 t / ha -B 3 ), also had a stimulating effect on the main indicators of photosynthetic activity of plants.”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
B1 fertilizer achieved planned rice yield of 5 t/ha across all water regimes.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- B 1e0
- Outcome
- planned yielde0
- Value
- 5 t / hae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the planned yield at the level of 5 t / ha can be obtained on all variants of the water regime of the soil when applied with B 1 .”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
Regime 3 with B2 minimized water supplied per ton of rice grain.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 3 + B 2e0
- Outcome
- volume of water supplied to the rice fielde0
- Direction
- smalleste0
- Qualifier
- calculated per ton of graine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with a combination of 3 + B 2 , calculated per ton of grain, the volume of water supplied to the rice field was the smallest.”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
B2 fertilizer achieved rice grain yield of 6 t/ha across all water regimes.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- B 2 fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Value
- 6 t / hae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield of 6 t / ha of grain was obtained in all the studied variants of the water regime, but against the background of a higher dose of B 2 fertilizers.”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
For 6 t/ha grain yield, the authors preferred combination 3 + B2.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- most preferred combination was 3 + B 2e0
- Qualifier
- 6 t / ha of graine1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Here, the most preferred combination was 3 + B 2 .”
e1“The yield of 6 t / ha of grain was obtained in all the studied variants of the water regime”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
Combination 2 + B3 produced the smallest deviation, 0.71%, from the planned 7 t/ha yield.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 2 + B 3e0
- Outcome
- deviatione0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 0.71%e0
- Qualifier
- planned level of 7 t / hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the minimum deviation of 0.71% from the planned level of 7 t / ha was obtained with a combination of 2 + B 3 .”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
Combination 3 + B3 was less expensive per ton of rice grain.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 3 + B 3e0
- Outcome
- expensive per ton of graine0
- Direction
- lesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination 3 + B 3 , which is less expensive per ton of grain and the cost of irrigation water (716 m 3 ).”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
Combination 3 + B3 required 716 m3 irrigation water.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 3 + B 3e0
- Outcome
- irrigation watere0
- Value
- 716 m 3e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination 3 + B 3 , which is less expensive per ton of grain and the cost of irrigation water (716 m 3 ).”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
B1 fertilizer achieved 5.0 t/ha yield in all three water regimes.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- B 1e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Value
- 5.0 t / hae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in all three variants of the water regime against the background of the introduction of B 1 , the yield was formed at the level of 5.0 t / ha with a profitability of 57.3 -92.6%.”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
B1 fertilizer gave 57.3–92.6% profitability across three water regimes.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- B 1e0
- Outcome
- profitabilitye0
- Value
- 57.3 -92.6%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in all three variants of the water regime against the background of the introduction of B 1 , the yield was formed at the level of 5.0 t / ha with a profitability of 57.3 -92.6%.”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
B2 fertilizer raised profitability to 81.9–92.6%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The introduction of B 2 , calculated to obtain 6.0 t / ha, contributed to its increase to 81.9 -92.6%”
e1“with a profitability of 57.3 -92.6%.”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
B3 fertilizer raised profitability to 104.1–116.5%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B 3 -7 t / ha to 104.1 -116.5%.”
e1“The introduction of B 2 , calculated to obtain 6.0 t / ha, contributed to its increase to 81.9 -92.6%, B 3 -7 t / ha to 104.1 -116.5%.”
e2“with a profitability of 57.3 -92.6%.”
t0“RICE”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
221 papers in the same direction as this paper · 62 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
287 papers more in this group
See all 291 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.