Abstract
Evapotranspirative irrigation is a simple idea in a watering field based on the actual evapotranspiration rate, by operating an automatic floating valve in the inlet without electric power to manage water levels. The current study introduces a model of evapotranspirative irrigation and its application under different water levels. The objectives were (1) to evaluate the performances of evapotranspirative irrigation under various irrigation regimes, and to (2) to observe crop and water productivities of the system of rice intensification (SRI) as affected by different types of irrigation. The experiment was performed during one rice planting season, starting from July to November 2020, with three irrigation regimes, i.e., continuous flooded (CFI), moderate flooded (MFI) and water-saving irrigation (WSI). Good performance of the system was achieved; low root mean square error (RMSE) was indicated between observed water level and the set point in all irrigation regimes. Developing a better drainage system can improve the system. Among the regimes, the WSI regime was most effective in water use. It was able to increase water productivity by up to 14.5% while maintaining the crop yield. In addition, it has the highest water-use efficiency index. The index was 34% and 52% higher than those of the MFI and CFI regimes, respectively. Accordingly, the evapotranspirative irrigation was effective in controlling various water levels, and we recommend the system implemented at the field levels.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Water-saving irrigation increased rice water productivity by up to 14.5%.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- WSI regimee2
- Outcome
- water productivitye1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 14.5%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“system of rice intensification (SRI)”
e1“It was able to increase water productivity by up to 14.5% while maintaining the crop yield”
e2“the WSI regime was most effective in water use”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-saving irrigation maintained rice crop yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- WSI regimee2
- Outcome
- crop yielde1
- Direction
- maintaininge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“system of rice intensification (SRI)”
e1“It was able to increase water productivity by up to 14.5% while maintaining the crop yield”
e2“the WSI regime was most effective in water use”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-saving irrigation had a water-use efficiency index 34% higher than moderate flooded irrigation in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- WSI regimee2
- Outcome
- water-use efficiency indexe4
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 34%e3
- Comparator
- MFIe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“system of rice intensification (SRI)”
e2“the WSI regime was most effective in water use”
e3“The index was 34% and 52% higher than those of the MFI and CFI regimes”
e4“it has the highest water-use efficiency index”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-saving irrigation had a water-use efficiency index 52% higher than continuous flooded irrigation in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- WSI regimee2
- Outcome
- water-use efficiency indexe4
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 52%e3
- Comparator
- CFIe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“system of rice intensification (SRI)”
e2“the WSI regime was most effective in water use”
e3“The index was 34% and 52% higher than those of the MFI and CFI regimes”
e4“it has the highest water-use efficiency index”
Claim · model-written summary
The evapotranspirative irrigation model kept low RMSE between observed water level and the set point in all rice irrigation regimes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- root mean square error (RMSE)e5
- Comparator
- set pointe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“system of rice intensification (SRI)”
e5“low root mean square error (RMSE) was indicated between observed water level and the set point in all irrigation regimes”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend implementing the evapotranspirative irrigation system at field level in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- the system implemented at the field levelse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“system of rice intensification (SRI)”
e6“we recommend the system implemented at the field levels”
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