Abstract
Chitosan nanoparticles (ChiNPs) are a potentially effective means for controlling numerous plant diseases. This study firstly describes the antiviral capabilities of ChiNPs to control plant viral diseases compared to its bulk form. Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) was used as a model plant virus affecting faba bean plants and many other legumes. The antiviral effectiveness of ChiNPs and chitosan were evaluated as a curative application method, using six dosage rates (50, 100, 200, 250, 300 and 400 mg/L). Results indicated that ChiNPs curatively applied 48 h post virus inoculation entirely inhibit the disease infectivity and viral accumulation content at 300 mg/L and 400 mg/L. The virus titre was greatly alleviated within the plant tissues by 7.71% up to100% depending on ChiNP dosage rates. However, chitosan used in its bulk-based material form revealed a relatively low to an intermediate reduction in virus infectivity by 6.67% up to 48.86%. Interestingly, ChiNPs affect the virus particle’s integrity by producing defective and incomplete BYMV viral particles, defeating their replication and accumulation content within the plant tissues. Simultaneously, ChiNP applications were appreciably shown to promote the pathogenesis-related (PR-1) gene and other defence-related factors. The mRNA of the PR-1 gene was markedly accumulated in treated plants, reaching its maximum at 400 mg/L with 16.22-fold relative expression change over the untreated control. Further, the total phenol dynamic curve was remarkably promoted for 30 days in response to ChiNP application, as compared to the untreated control. Our results provide the first report that chitosan-based nanomaterials have a superior effect in controlling plant viruses as an antiviral curing agent, suggesting that they may feasibly be involved in viral disease management strategies under field conditions without serious health concerns and environmental costs.Significance: Our findings show that chitosan nanoparticles have a powerful curing antiviral activity against BYMV disease. These findings open the door for the use of eco-friendly nano-based tools in controlling numerous plant viruses. The use of eco-friendly nano-based materials could result in a successful integrative control strategy for plant viruses under field conditions, negating the need for the conventional measure used to control most of the insect-transmitted plant viruses, that is insecticide application against vector insects.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
ChiNPs inhibited BYMV disease infectivity at 300 mg/L.
- Taxon
- faba bean plants
Vicia fabae1 - Treatment
- ChiNPs curatively applied 48 h post virus inoculatione0
- Outcome
- disease infectivitye0
- Direction
- entirely inhibite0
- Value
- 300 mg/Le0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ChiNPs curatively applied 48 h post virus inoculation entirely inhibit the disease infectivity and viral accumulation content at 300 mg/L and 400 mg/L”
e1“faba bean plants and many other legumes”
Claim · model-written summary
ChiNPs inhibited BYMV disease infectivity at 400 mg/L.
- Taxon
- faba bean plantsVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- ChiNPs curatively applied 48 h post virus inoculatione0
- Outcome
- disease infectivitye0
- Direction
- entirely inhibite0
- Value
- 400 mg/Le0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ChiNPs curatively applied 48 h post virus inoculation entirely inhibit the disease infectivity and viral accumulation content at 300 mg/L and 400 mg/L”
e1“faba bean plants and many other legumes”
Claim · model-written summary
ChiNPs inhibited BYMV viral accumulation content at 300 mg/L.
- Taxon
- faba bean plantsVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- ChiNPs curatively applied 48 h post virus inoculatione0
- Outcome
- viral accumulation contente0
- Direction
- entirely inhibite0
- Value
- 300 mg/Le0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ChiNPs curatively applied 48 h post virus inoculation entirely inhibit the disease infectivity and viral accumulation content at 300 mg/L and 400 mg/L”
e1“faba bean plants and many other legumes”
Claim · model-written summary
ChiNPs inhibited BYMV viral accumulation content at 400 mg/L.
- Taxon
- faba bean plantsVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- ChiNPs curatively applied 48 h post virus inoculatione0
- Outcome
- viral accumulation contente0
- Direction
- entirely inhibite0
- Value
- 400 mg/Le0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ChiNPs curatively applied 48 h post virus inoculation entirely inhibit the disease infectivity and viral accumulation content at 300 mg/L and 400 mg/L”
e1“faba bean plants and many other legumes”
Claim · model-written summary
ChiNPs reduced virus titre across doses.
- Taxon
- faba bean plantsVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- ChiNPe0
- Outcome
- virus titree0
- Direction
- greatly alleviatede0
- Value
- 7.71% up to100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The virus titre was greatly alleviated within the plant tissues by 7.71% up to100% depending on ChiNP dosage rates”
e1“faba bean plants and many other legumes”
Claim · model-written summary
Bulk chitosan reduced virus infectivity.
- Taxon
- faba bean plantsVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- chitosan used in its bulk-based material forme0
- Outcome
- virus infectivitye0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 6.67% up to 48.86%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chitosan used in its bulk-based material form revealed a relatively low to an intermediate reduction in virus infectivity by 6.67% up to 48.86%”
e1“faba bean plants and many other legumes”
Claim · model-written summary
ChiNPs yielded defective BYMV particles.
- Taxon
- faba bean plantsVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- ChiNPse0
- Outcome
- defective and incomplete BYMV viral particlese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ChiNPs affect the virus particle’s integrity by producing defective and incomplete BYMV viral particles”
e1“faba bean plants and many other legumes”
Claim · model-written summary
ChiNPs promoted PR-1 and defense factors.
- Taxon
- faba bean plantsVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- ChiNP applicationse0
- Gene
- PR-1e0
- Outcome
- pathogenesis-related (PR-1) gene and other defence-related factorse0
- Direction
- promotee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ChiNP applications were appreciably shown to promote the pathogenesis-related (PR-1) gene and other defence-related factors”
e1“faba bean plants and many other legumes”
Claim · model-written summary
PR-1 mRNA rose 16.22 fold at 400 mg/L.
- Taxon
- faba bean plantsVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- 400 mg/Le0
- Gene
- PR-1e0
- Outcome
- mRNA of the PR-1 genee0
- Direction
- markedly accumulatede0
- Value
- 16.22-folde0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mRNA of the PR-1 gene was markedly accumulated in treated plants, reaching its maximum at 400 mg/L with 16.22-fold relative expression change over the untreated control”
e1“faba bean plants and many other legumes”
Claim · model-written summary
ChiNPs promoted total phenol over 30 days.
- Taxon
- faba bean plantsVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- ChiNP applicatione0
- Outcome
- total phenol dynamic curvee0
- Direction
- remarkably promotede0
- Qualifier
- for 30 dayse0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the total phenol dynamic curve was remarkably promoted for 30 days in response to ChiNP application, as compared to the untreated control”
e1“faba bean plants and many other legumes”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest nanomaterials for field disease management.
- Taxon
- faba bean plantsVicia fabae1
- Outcome
- viral disease management strategies under field conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“they may feasibly be involved in viral disease management strategies under field conditions”
e1“faba bean plants and many other legumes”
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2 papers in the same direction as this paper
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.