Abstract
Abstract Cover crop (CC) systems may offset expensive hay feeding in early spring. Field research evaluated the effect of CCs on forage mass, weed control, soil penetrometer resistance, and no‐till corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain yield (2003–2008) in upstate Missouri. The main plot was grazed and nongrazed CCs, corn and soybean were the subplots, and CCs [nonseeded control, cereal rye (CR, Secale cereale L.), wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), ‘King’ or ‘Marshall’ annual ryegrass (RG, Lolium multiflorum Lam.)] were the sub‐sub plot. Cover crops were grazed two to four times in the spring when the fastest growing species was 20–30 cm tall. Forage mass was collected from the nongrazed treatment. Cereal rye produced the greatest total forage mass in 3 and 4 of 6 yr following corn and soybean, respectively. Cereal rye forage mass (3,640 kg ha −1 ) was similar to wheat following corn and was 860 kg ha −1 greater than wheat following soybean. Winter annual weeds were controlled up to 92% with CCs. Cattle ( Bos taurus ) grazing CCs increased penetrometer resistance up to a 20‐cm soil depth compared with nongrazed CCs. Corn grain yield was reduced 0.4 Mg ha −1 following grazed CCs, while soybean yields following grazed CCs were similar to nongrazed treatments (4–6 yr). Corn yields following CCs were ranked nonseeded control = Marshall RG ≥ wheat ≥ King RG ≥ CR. Soybean yields following CCs were similar or less than the nonseeded control. Grazing CCs could add value over the absence of the CC and promote CCs in the U.S. Midwest.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Cereal rye had the greatest total forage mass in 3 and 4 of 6 years, following corn and soybean respectively.
Verbatim
e1“Cereal rye produced the greatest total forage mass in 3 and 4 of 6 yr following corn and soybean, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Cereal rye forage mass was similar to wheat following corn.
Verbatim
e1“Cereal rye forage mass (3,640 kg ha −1 ) was similar to wheat following corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Cereal rye forage mass was 860 kg ha −1 greater than wheat following soybean.
Verbatim
e1“Cereal rye forage mass (3,640 kg ha −1 ) was similar to wheat following corn”
e2“860 kg ha −1 greater than wheat following soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crops controlled winter annual weeds by up to 92%.
- Taxon
- Cover crope1
- Treatment
- CCse2
- Interactor
- Winter annual weedse2weed
- Outcome
- Winter annual weedse2
- Direction
- controllede2
- Value
- up to 92%e2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“Cover crop (CC) systems may offset expensive hay feeding in early spring”
e2“Winter annual weeds were controlled up to 92% with CCs”
Claim · model-written summary
Grazing cover crops increased soil penetrometer resistance compared with nongrazed cover crops.
- Taxon
- Cover crope1
- Treatment
- grazing CCse2
- Interactor
- Bos taurus
Bos tauruse2herbivore - Outcome
- penetrometer resistancee2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- nongrazed CCse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Cover crop (CC) systems may offset expensive hay feeding in early spring”
e2“Cattle ( Bos taurus ) grazing CCs increased penetrometer resistance up to a 20‐cm soil depth compared with nongrazed CCs”
Claim · model-written summary
Grazed cover crops reduced corn grain yield by 0.4 Mg ha −1.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Treatment
- grazed CCse1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 0.4 Mg ha −1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Corn grain yield was reduced 0.4 Mg ha −1 following grazed CCs”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yields following grazed cover crops were similar to nongrazed treatments over 4–6 years.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- grazed CCse1
- Outcome
- yieldse1
- Direction
- similare1
- Qualifier
- 4–6 yre1
- Comparator
- nongrazed treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“soybean yields following grazed CCs were similar to nongrazed treatments (4–6 yr)”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yields following cover crops were ranked nonseeded control, Marshall RG, wheat, King RG and cereal rye in that order.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- CCse1
- Outcome
- ranked nonseeded control = Marshall RG ≥ wheat ≥ King RG ≥ CRe1
- Direction
- ranked nonseeded control = Marshall RG ≥ wheat ≥ King RG ≥ CRe1
- Comparator
- nonseeded controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Corn yields following CCs were ranked nonseeded control = Marshall RG ≥ wheat ≥ King RG ≥ CR”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yields following cover crops were similar to or less than the nonseeded control.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- CCse1
- Outcome
- yieldse1
- Direction
- similar or lesse1
- Comparator
- nonseeded controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Soybean yields following CCs were similar or less than the nonseeded control”
Claim · model-written summary
Grazing cover crops could add value over no cover crop and promote cover crops in the U.S. Midwest.
Verbatim
e1“Cover crop (CC) systems may offset expensive hay feeding in early spring”
e2“Grazing CCs could add value over the absence of the CC and promote CCs in the U.S. Midwest”
The same questions in other papers
grazing · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →grazing · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
32 papers more in this group
See all 36 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.