Abstract
Context Integrated crop–livestock–forestry systems can be an alternative to monoculture pastures; however, the effect of the arboreal component on tillering and tussock dynamics of understorey grass canopy is not well understood. Aims Our objective was to evaluate the patterns of tillering dynamics, population stability and tussock distribution of Piatã palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha) as affected by contrasting shading regimes in the Brazilian Amazon biome. Methods The following three shading regimes were assessed: pasture with no trees (no shading, NS), moderate shading (MS, 338 trees ha−1), and intense shading (IS, 714 trees ha−1). Pastures were rotationally grazed by dairy heifers. Paddocks from MS and IS were stratified into three sampling strips, including two closer to the tree rows (i.e. lateral) and one between the two lateral strips (i.e. central). Two methods for monitoring sward canopy light interception (LI) were used for IS regime, namely, LI taken under the tree canopy (i.e. inside) and LI was taken above the tree canopy (i.e. outside). Key results Relative to NS, there was a reduction in photosynthetically active radiation transmittance of 18.1% and 37.1% on MS and 49.9% and 52.0% on IS for central and lateral shading strips respectively. Overall, the increase in shading level was associated with a decrease in average tussock perimeter, tiller population density, and an increase in the frequency of bare ground. Conclusions Our findings clearly indicate the key role of the light environment as a determinant of Piatã palisadegrass horizontal structure. Implications It highlights the importance of planning the levels of tree density and layout in areas of crop–livestock–forestry integration.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
MS central strips had 18.1% less photosynthetically active radiation transmittance than NS.
- Taxon
- Piatã palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha)
Urochloa brizanthat0 - Treatment
- MSe0
- Outcome
- photosynthetically active radiation transmittancee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 18.1%e0
- Qualifier
- centrale0
- Comparator
- NSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative to NS, there was a reduction in photosynthetically active radiation transmittance of 18.1% and 37.1% on MS and 49.9% and 52.0% on IS for central and lateral shading strips respectively”
t0“Piatã palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha)”
Claim · model-written summary
MS lateral strips had 37.1% less photosynthetically active radiation transmittance than NS.
- Taxon
- Piatã palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha)Urochloa brizanthat0
- Treatment
- MSe0
- Outcome
- photosynthetically active radiation transmittancee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 37.1%e0
- Qualifier
- laterale0
- Comparator
- NSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative to NS, there was a reduction in photosynthetically active radiation transmittance of 18.1% and 37.1% on MS and 49.9% and 52.0% on IS for central and lateral shading strips respectively”
t0“Piatã palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha)”
Claim · model-written summary
IS central strips had 49.9% less photosynthetically active radiation transmittance than NS.
- Taxon
- Piatã palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha)Urochloa brizanthat0
- Treatment
- ISe0
- Outcome
- photosynthetically active radiation transmittancee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 49.9%e0
- Qualifier
- centrale0
- Comparator
- NSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative to NS, there was a reduction in photosynthetically active radiation transmittance of 18.1% and 37.1% on MS and 49.9% and 52.0% on IS for central and lateral shading strips respectively”
t0“Piatã palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha)”
Claim · model-written summary
IS lateral strips had 52.0% less photosynthetically active radiation transmittance than NS.
- Taxon
- Piatã palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha)Urochloa brizanthat0
- Treatment
- ISe0
- Outcome
- photosynthetically active radiation transmittancee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 52.0%e0
- Qualifier
- laterale0
- Comparator
- NSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative to NS, there was a reduction in photosynthetically active radiation transmittance of 18.1% and 37.1% on MS and 49.9% and 52.0% on IS for central and lateral shading strips respectively”
t0“Piatã palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing shade was associated with a decrease in average tussock perimeter.
- Taxon
- Piatã palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha)Urochloa brizanthat0
- Treatment
- shading levele0
- Outcome
- average tussock perimetere0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increase in shading level was associated with a decrease in average tussock perimeter, tiller population density, and an increase in the frequency of bare ground”
t0“Piatã palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing shade was associated with a decrease in tiller population density.
- Taxon
- Piatã palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha)Urochloa brizanthat0
- Treatment
- shading levele0
- Outcome
- tiller population densitye0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increase in shading level was associated with a decrease in average tussock perimeter, tiller population density, and an increase in the frequency of bare ground”
t0“Piatã palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing shade was associated with a increase in frequency of bare ground.
- Taxon
- Piatã palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha)Urochloa brizanthat0
- Treatment
- shading levele0
- Outcome
- frequency of bare grounde0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increase in shading level was associated with a decrease in average tussock perimeter, tiller population density, and an increase in the frequency of bare ground”
t0“Piatã palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advise planning tree density and layout in integrated crop–livestock–forestry systems.
- Taxon
- Piatã palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha)Urochloa brizanthat0
- Outcome
- planning the levels of tree density and layoute0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“importance of planning the levels of tree density and layout in areas of crop–livestock–forestry integration”
t0“Piatã palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha)”