Abstract
Many Berberis species have been identified as alternate hosts for Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Importantly, susceptible Berberis species are determined to play an important role in the occurrence of sexual reproduction, generation of new races of the rust pathogen. However, little is known about Mahonia serving as alternate hosts for P. striiformis f. sp. tritici and their role to commence sexual reproduction of the rust fungus under natural conditions. Herein, three Mahonia species or subspecies, Mahonia fortunei, M. eurybracteata subsp. ganpinensis, and M. sheridaniana, were identified as alternate hosts for P. striiformis f. sp. tritici, and seven Mahonia species were highly resistant to the rust pathogen. We recovered seven samples of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici from naturally rusted Mahonia cardiophylla plants. Totally, 54 single uredinium (SU) isolates, derived from the seven samples, generated 20 different race types, including one known race type, and 19 new race types. SNP markers analysis showed that all SU isolates displayed high phenotype diversity (H = 0.32) with a high Shannon’s information index (I = 0.49). Analysis of linkage disequilibrium indicated an insignificant rbarD value (rbarD = 0.003, P < 0.1). As a result, all SU isolates are sexually produced, suggesting that P. striiformis f. sp. tritici parasitizes susceptible Mahonia to complete sexual reproduction under natural conditions. The role of Mahonia in occurrence of wheat stripe rust are needed to study for management of the disease.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Mahonia fortunei, M. eurybracteata subsp. ganpinensis and M. sheridaniana were identified as alternate hosts for P. striiformis f. sp. tritici.
- Taxon
- Mahonia fortunei, M. eurybracteata subsp. ganpinensis, and M. sheridanianae0
- Interactor
- P. striiformis f. sp. tritici
Puccinia striiformis f. sp. triticie0pathogen - Outcome
- identified as alternate hostse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three Mahonia species or subspecies, Mahonia fortunei, M. eurybracteata subsp. ganpinensis, and M. sheridaniana, were identified as alternate hosts for P. striiformis f. sp. tritici”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven Mahonia species were highly resistant to the rust pathogen.
Verbatim
e0“seven Mahonia species were highly resistant to the rust pathogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven samples of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici were recovered from naturally rusted Mahonia cardiophylla plants.
- Taxon
- Mahonia cardiophyllaMahonia cardiophyllae0
- Interactor
- P. striiformis f. sp. triticiPuccinia striiformis f. sp. triticie0pathogen
- Outcome
- recovered seven samplese0
- Qualifier
- naturally rustede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We recovered seven samples of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici from naturally rusted Mahonia cardiophylla plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The 54 single uredinium isolates generated 20 race types, one known and 19 new.
- Taxon
- P. striiformis f. sp. triticiPuccinia striiformis f. sp. triticie1
- Outcome
- 20 different race typese0
- Value
- 19 new race typese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“54 single uredinium (SU) isolates, derived from the seven samples, generated 20 different race types, including one known race type, and 19 new race types”
e1“P. striiformis f. sp. tritici from naturally rusted”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP analysis showed high phenotype diversity (H = 0.32) among all SU isolates.
- Taxon
- P. striiformis f. sp. triticiPuccinia striiformis f. sp. triticie1
- Outcome
- phenotype diversitye0
- Value
- H = 0.32e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SNP markers analysis showed that all SU isolates displayed high phenotype diversity (H = 0.32)”
e1“P. striiformis f. sp. tritici from naturally rusted”
Claim · model-written summary
SU isolates had a high Shannon’s information index (I = 0.49).
- Taxon
- P. striiformis f. sp. triticiPuccinia striiformis f. sp. triticie1
- Outcome
- Shannon’s information indexe0
- Value
- I = 0.49e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a high Shannon’s information index (I = 0.49)”
e1“P. striiformis f. sp. tritici from naturally rusted”
Claim · model-written summary
Linkage disequilibrium analysis gave an insignificant rbarD value (0.003, P < 0.1).
- Taxon
- P. striiformis f. sp. triticiPuccinia striiformis f. sp. triticie1
- Outcome
- rbarD valuee0
- Value
- rbarD = 0.003e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Analysis of linkage disequilibrium indicated an insignificant rbarD value (rbarD = 0.003, P < 0.1)”
e1“P. striiformis f. sp. tritici from naturally rusted”
Claim · model-written summary
All SU isolates are sexually produced, suggesting the rust parasitizes susceptible Mahonia to complete sexual reproduction under natural conditions.
- Taxon
- P. striiformis f. sp. triticiPuccinia striiformis f. sp. triticie0
- Interactor
- susceptible Mahoniae0host
- Outcome
- complete sexual reproductione0
- Qualifier
- under natural conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all SU isolates are sexually produced, suggesting that P. striiformis f. sp. tritici parasitizes susceptible Mahonia to complete sexual reproduction under natural conditions”