Abstract
Abstract Accumulation of high level of nitrate (NO 3 − ) in leaves is a serious issue for vegetable crops like lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.). Therefore, this study aimed to limit NO 3 − level by adjusting the balance between fertilization and irrigation program in lettuce. In a strip plot design with three replicates, lettuce plants were grown under four fertilizer treatments and three irrigation regimes. Three organic fertilizers (biochar, compost and vermicompost), in addition to mineral fertilizer, were used. The irrigation regimes were 60, 80 and 100% of crop evapotranspiration, ETc (ETc60, ETc80, and ETc100). Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) potassium (K) and organic matter (OM) in soil as well as yield, N, P, K and NO 3 − of lettuce were estimated. Findings showed that vermicompost or biochar (with any irrigation regime) as well as compost with irrigation by ETc60 were the effective combinations for increasing K content in soil after harvest. Under irrigation by ETc80 or ETc100, vermicompost or biochar were the efficient treatments for increasing lettuce yield equaling the farmer common practice (ETc100 x mineral fertilizer). Under irrigation by ETc60, mineral fertilizer or vermicompost showed the highest lettuce leaf content of K. Moreover, ETc60 or ETc80 x mineral fertilizer recorded the maximum NO 3 − content of lettuce leaves. The accumulation of nitrate in lettuce leaves owing to mineral fertilizer reached about 1.24 times than that of organic fertilizers. Compost x ETc80 or ETc100 showed the minimal NO 3 –N accumulation, hence, high relative reductions in NO 3 –N accumulation as compared to the common practice (ETc100 x mineral fertilizer) were observed. In conclusion, irrigation by 80% instead of 100% of crop evapotranspiration of organically fertilized lettuce (especially with vermicompost) could be adopted since such practice recorded high lettuce productivity with low NO 3 − content.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost or biochar under any irrigation regime, and compost with ETc60, increased postharvest soil K.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae0 - Treatment
- vermicompost or biochar (with any irrigation regime) as well as compost with irrigation by ETc60e1
- Outcome
- K content in soil after harveste1
- Direction
- increasinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.)”
e1“vermicompost or biochar (with any irrigation regime) as well as compost with irrigation by ETc60 were the effective combinations for increasing K content in soil after harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost with ETc80 or ETc100 increased lettuce yield to the level of common practice.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- vermicomposte0
- Outcome
- lettuce yielde0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- Under irrigation by ETc80 or ETc100e1
- Comparator
- farmer common practice (ETc100 x mineral fertilizer)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vermicompost or biochar were the efficient treatments for increasing lettuce yield equaling the farmer common practice (ETc100 x mineral fertilizer)”
e1“Under irrigation by ETc80 or ETc100”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar with ETc80 or ETc100 increased lettuce yield to the level of common practice.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- biochare0
- Outcome
- lettuce yielde0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- Under irrigation by ETc80 or ETc100e1
- Comparator
- farmer common practice (ETc100 x mineral fertilizer)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vermicompost or biochar were the efficient treatments for increasing lettuce yield equaling the farmer common practice (ETc100 x mineral fertilizer)”
e1“Under irrigation by ETc80 or ETc100”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral fertilizer under ETc60 produced the highest lettuce leaf K content.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- mineral fertilizere0
- Outcome
- lettuce leaf content of Ke0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- Under irrigation by ETc60e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under irrigation by ETc60, mineral fertilizer or vermicompost showed the highest lettuce leaf content of K”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost under ETc60 produced the highest lettuce leaf K content.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- vermicomposte0
- Outcome
- lettuce leaf content of Ke0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under irrigation by ETc60, mineral fertilizer or vermicompost showed the highest lettuce leaf content of K”
Claim · model-written summary
ETc60 with mineral fertilizer produced maximum lettuce leaf nitrate content.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- ETc60e0
- Outcome
- NO 3 − content of lettuce leavese0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Qualifier
- mineral fertilizere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ETc60 or ETc80 x mineral fertilizer recorded the maximum NO 3 − content of lettuce leaves”
e1“lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
ETc80 with mineral fertilizer produced maximum lettuce leaf nitrate content.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- ETc80 x mineral fertilizere0
- Outcome
- NO 3 − content of lettuce leavese0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ETc60 or ETc80 x mineral fertilizer recorded the maximum NO 3 − content of lettuce leaves”
e1“lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral fertilizer yielded about 1.24 times the nitrate accumulation of organic fertilizers.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- mineral fertilizere0
- Outcome
- accumulation of nitrate in lettuce leavese0
- Direction
- reachede0
- Value
- 1.24 timese0
- Comparator
- organic fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The accumulation of nitrate in lettuce leaves owing to mineral fertilizer reached about 1.24 times than that of organic fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost with ETc80 minimized lettuce nitrate nitrogen accumulation.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- Compost x ETc80e0
- Outcome
- NO 3 –N accumulatione0
- Direction
- minimale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compost x ETc80 or ETc100 showed the minimal NO 3 –N accumulation”
e1“lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost with ETc100 minimized lettuce nitrate nitrogen accumulation.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- ETc100e0
- Outcome
- NO 3 –N accumulatione0
- Direction
- minimale0
- Qualifier
- Composte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compost x ETc80 or ETc100 showed the minimal NO 3 –N accumulation”
e1“lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend ETc80 irrigation for organically fertilized lettuce, especially with vermicompost, for high productivity and low nitrate.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Outcome
- irrigation by 80% instead of 100% of crop evapotranspiration of organically fertilized lettuce (especially with vermicompost) could be adoptede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“irrigation by 80% instead of 100% of crop evapotranspiration of organically fertilized lettuce (especially with vermicompost) could be adopted since such practice recorded high lettuce productivity with low NO 3 − content”
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