Abstract
Cool-season creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) has the ability to form fine sports turf, but high temperatures result in summer bentgrass decline (SBD), especially in transitional and subtropical zones. Physiological responses in combination with the alteration in turf quality (TQ) will contribute to a better understanding of SBD in a subtropical zone. Field experiments were conducted from 2017 to 2019 to test the adaptability to summer stress among four cultivars (13M, Penncross, Seaside II, and PA-1). A constant ambient high temperature above 30 °C significantly decreased the TQ of the four cultivars during the summer months in 2017, 2018, and 2019. Significant declines in the chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm and PIABS), leaf relative water content (RWC), and osmotic potential (OP) were induced by summer stress, whereas gradual increases in water-soluble carbohydrates, proline, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and electrolyte leakage (EL) were observed in the four cultivars during the summer months. The 13M and Penncross cultivars exhibited better performance than Seaside II and PA-1 in response to summer stress from 2017 to 2019, which is associated with better maintenance of photosynthesis, water status, WSC and proline accumulation, and cell membrane stability. The 13M and Penncross cultivars could be used as potential candidates for turf establishment in a subtropical zone. Physiological responses together with alterations in TQ also provided critical information for the breeding and development of germplasm with heat tolerance in creeping bentgrass species.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
High ambient temperature significantly decreased turf quality across four cultivars.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrass
Agrostis stoloniferat0 - Treatment
- ambient high temperature above 30 °Ce0
- Outcome
- TQe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- above 30 °Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A constant ambient high temperature above 30 °C significantly decreased the TQ of the four cultivars during the summer months in 2017, 2018, and 2019”
t0“creeping bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Summer stress significantly reduced chlorophyll content and photosystem II efficiency.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- summer stresse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency of photosystem IIe0
- Direction
- declinese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant declines in the chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm and PIABS), leaf relative water content (RWC), and osmotic potential (OP) were induced by summer stress”
t0“creeping bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Summer stress significantly reduced leaf relative water content and osmotic potential.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- summer stresse0
- Outcome
- leaf relative water content (RWC), and osmotic potential (OP)e0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf relative water content (RWC), and osmotic potential (OP) were induced by summer stress”
t0“creeping bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-soluble carbohydrates and proline increased during summer.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Outcome
- water-soluble carbohydrates, prolinee0
- Direction
- increasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gradual increases in water-soluble carbohydrates, proline”
t0“creeping bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde increased during summer.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA)e0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA)”
t0“creeping bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Electrolyte leakage increased during summer.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage (EL)e0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“electrolyte leakage (EL) were observed in the four cultivars during the summer months”
t0“creeping bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
13M performed better than Seaside II and PA-1 under summer stress.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Material
- 13Me0
- Outcome
- performancee0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- Seaside II and PA-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 13M and Penncross cultivars exhibited better performance than Seaside II and PA-1 in response to summer stress from 2017 to 2019”
t0“creeping bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Penncross performed better than Seaside II and PA-1 under summer stress.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Material
- Penncrosse0
- Outcome
- performancee0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- Seaside II and PA-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 13M and Penncross cultivars exhibited better performance than Seaside II and PA-1 in response to summer stress from 2017 to 2019”
t0“creeping bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 13M for subtropical turf establishment.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Material
- 13Me0
- Outcome
- potential candidates for turf establishment in a subtropical zonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 13M and Penncross cultivars could be used as potential candidates for turf establishment in a subtropical zone”
t0“creeping bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend Penncross for subtropical turf establishment.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Material
- Penncrosse0
- Outcome
- potential candidates for turf establishment in a subtropical zonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 13M and Penncross cultivars could be used as potential candidates for turf establishment in a subtropical zone”
t0“creeping bentgrass”