Abstract
An important limitation to increased soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain yield is excessive plant growth. The use of growth regulators and population adjustment is imperative for the management of soybean. This study aimed to evaluate whether lactofen, used as a growth regulator, and a reduction in plant population affected the architecture of soybean and increased its production efficiency. The study was carried out under field conditions during the 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 seasons. The experimental design was in completely randomised blocks with five treatments and five replications: T1 (control), T2 (application of 140 g a.i. ha−1 of lactofen at phenological stage V3), T3 (application of 140 g a.i. ha−1 of lactofen at phenological stage V6), T4 (plant population 20% lower than recommended) and T5 (plant population 40% lower than recommended). The plant height, the number of nodes, the number of branches, stem diameter, and the internode distance were affected by lactofen application at stage V3. Lactofen use at stage V3 also increased the coverage percentage and the number of droplets per square centimetre of phytosanitary products. The interception of solar radiation was higher with lactofen application at stage V3 and that treatment provided the highest yield. Therefore, the use of lactofen as a growth regulator improves soybean grain yield. A reduction in plant population had the greatest effect on grain number and weight. Plant density should be maintained as recommended to avoid a decrease in grain yield
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Lactofen application at stage V3 affected plant height, the number of nodes and the number of branches of soybean, compared with the control.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- lactofen application at stage V3e1
- Outcome
- plant height, the number of nodes, the number of branchese1
- Comparator
- T1 (control)e7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An important limitation to increased soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain yield”
e1“The plant height, the number of nodes, the number of branches, stem diameter, and the internode distance were affected by lactofen application at stage V3”
e7“T1 (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lactofen application at stage V3 affected stem diameter and internode distance of soybean, compared with the control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- lactofen application at stage V3e1
- Outcome
- stem diameter, and the internode distancee1
- Comparator
- T1 (control)e7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An important limitation to increased soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain yield”
e1“The plant height, the number of nodes, the number of branches, stem diameter, and the internode distance were affected by lactofen application at stage V3”
e7“T1 (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lactofen use at stage V3 increased the spray coverage percentage and the number of droplets per square centimetre of phytosanitary products on soybean, compared with the control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Lactofen use at stage V3e2
- Outcome
- coverage percentage and the number of droplets per square centimetre of phytosanitary productse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- T1 (control)e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An important limitation to increased soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain yield”
e2“Lactofen use at stage V3 also increased the coverage percentage and the number of droplets per square centimetre of phytosanitary products”
e7“T1 (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Interception of solar radiation by soybean was higher with lactofen application at stage V3 than in the control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- lactofen application at stage V3e3
- Outcome
- interception of solar radiatione3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- T1 (control)e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An important limitation to increased soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain yield”
e3“The interception of solar radiation was higher with lactofen application at stage V3 and that treatment provided the highest yield”
e7“T1 (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lactofen application at stage V3 gave the highest soybean yield among the treatments, compared with the control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- lactofen application at stage V3e3
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Comparator
- T1 (control)e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An important limitation to increased soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain yield”
e3“The interception of solar radiation was higher with lactofen application at stage V3 and that treatment provided the highest yield”
e7“T1 (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
A 20% or 40% lower soybean plant population had the greatest effect on grain number and weight, compared with the recommended population.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- A reduction in plant populatione4
- Outcome
- grain number and weighte4
- Comparator
- recommendede5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An important limitation to increased soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain yield”
e4“A reduction in plant population had the greatest effect on grain number and weight”
e5“T5 (plant population 40% lower than recommended)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend maintaining soybean plant density as recommended to avoid a decrease in grain yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- Plant density should be maintained as recommendede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An important limitation to increased soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain yield”
e6“Plant density should be maintained as recommended to avoid a decrease in grain yield”