Abstract
This research was carried out to assess the potential impacts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) complex (Glomus geosporum and Rhizophagus irregularis) synergy with poultry manure (PM) on the survival of Cucurbita maxima and Telfairia occidentalis grown under salt stress conditions. This experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with all treatments replicated thrice for both test plants. Analysis of the saline and garden soils used in this study revealed significant (P ≤ 0.05) variations in their soil physico-chemical parameters. Increase in parameters such as pH (7.75 for saline soil; 6.78 for garden soil), EC (SS 7.80 dS.m.-1; GS 0.32) and Ex Na+ (SS 8.81 cmol.kg-1; GS 0.4181 cmol.kg-1) was observed in the saline soil while there was a decrease in organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorus in saline soil. Proximate analysis of C. maxima and T. occidentalis leaves revealed that fiber, carbohydrate, and caloric value were slightly reduced in saline soil treatments while ash, protein and lipids contents were slightly increased. AMF inoculation and PM application had significant effect on proximate composition of these plant leaves but caloric value which was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased in non-saline soil treatments. Physiological parameters such as leaf turgid weight (LTW), leaf relative water content (LRWC), vigor index (VI), and salt tolerance index (STI) were significantly reduced by salinity, while electrolyte leakage (EL) was higher in saline soil treatments than non-saline soil treatments. However, inoculation with AMF in combination with PM amendment significantly increased LTW, LRWC, VI, and STI in both saline and non-saline soil treatments above single treatment with mycorrhizal species and poultry manure. However, EL reduced with mycorrhizal inoculation. The results of this work have shown that AMF and PM can enhance plants ability to tolerate salinity possibly through some morphological and physiological changes which improved water and nutrients uptake.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Saline soil had a higher pH than garden soil.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita maxima
Cucurbita maximat1 - Outcome
- pHe1
- Direction
- Increasee1
- Value
- 7.75e1
- Comparator
- garden soile1
- Setting
- saline soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Increase in parameters such as pH (7.75 for saline soil; 6.78 for garden soil)”
t1“Cucurbita maxima and Telfairia occidentalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline soil had a higher electrical conductivity than garden soil.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita maximaCucurbita maximat1
- Outcome
- ECe2
- Direction
- Increasee1
- Value
- 7.80 dS.m.-1e2
- Comparator
- garden soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Increase in parameters such as pH (7.75 for saline soil; 6.78 for garden soil)”
e2“EC (SS 7.80 dS.m.-1; GS 0.32)”
t1“Cucurbita maxima and Telfairia occidentalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline soil had higher exchangeable sodium than garden soil.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita maximaCucurbita maximat1
- Outcome
- Ex Na+e3
- Direction
- Increasee1
- Value
- 8.81 cmol.kg-1e3
- Comparator
- garden soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Increase in parameters such as pH (7.75 for saline soil; 6.78 for garden soil)”
e3“Ex Na+ (SS 8.81 cmol.kg-1; GS 0.4181 cmol.kg-1)”
t1“Cucurbita maxima and Telfairia occidentalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline soil had lower organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorus.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita maximaCucurbita maximat1
- Outcome
- organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphoruse4
- Direction
- decreasee4
- Setting
- saline soile4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“there was a decrease in organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorus in saline soil”
t1“Cucurbita maxima and Telfairia occidentalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Fiber, carbohydrate and caloric value of leaves were slightly reduced in saline soil treatments.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita maximaCucurbita maximat1
- Outcome
- fiber, carbohydrate, and caloric valuee5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Setting
- saline soil treatmentse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“fiber, carbohydrate, and caloric value were slightly reduced in saline soil treatments”
t1“Cucurbita maxima and Telfairia occidentalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Ash, protein and lipid contents of leaves were slightly increased in saline soil treatments.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita maximaCucurbita maximat1
- Outcome
- ash, protein and lipids contentse6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Setting
- saline soil treatmentse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“while ash, protein and lipids contents were slightly increased”
e5“fiber, carbohydrate, and caloric value were slightly reduced in saline soil treatments”
t1“Cucurbita maxima and Telfairia occidentalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Caloric value was significantly increased in non-saline soil treatments.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita maximaCucurbita maximat1
- Outcome
- caloric valuee7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Setting
- non-saline soil treatmentse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“caloric value which was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased in non-saline soil treatments”
t1“Cucurbita maxima and Telfairia occidentalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly reduced leaf turgid weight and leaf relative water content.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita maximaCucurbita maximat1
- Treatment
- salinitye4
- Outcome
- leaf turgid weight (LTW), leaf relative water content (LRWC)e4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Physiological parameters such as leaf turgid weight (LTW), leaf relative water content (LRWC), vigor index (VI), and salt tolerance index (STI) were significantly reduced by salinity”
t1“Cucurbita maxima and Telfairia occidentalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly reduced vigor index and salt tolerance index.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita maximaCucurbita maximat1
- Treatment
- salinitye4
- Outcome
- vigor index (VI), and salt tolerance index (STI)e4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Physiological parameters such as leaf turgid weight (LTW), leaf relative water content (LRWC), vigor index (VI), and salt tolerance index (STI) were significantly reduced by salinity”
t1“Cucurbita maxima and Telfairia occidentalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Electrolyte leakage was higher in saline than in non-saline soil treatments.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita maximaCucurbita maximat1
- Treatment
- saline soil treatmentse5
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage (EL)e5
- Direction
- highere5
- Comparator
- non-saline soil treatmentse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“electrolyte leakage (EL) was higher in saline soil treatments than non-saline soil treatments”
t1“Cucurbita maxima and Telfairia occidentalis”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF with poultry manure significantly increased leaf turgid weight and leaf relative water content in saline and non-saline soil.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita maximaCucurbita maximat1
- Treatment
- inoculation with AMF in combination with PM amendmente6
- Interactor
- AMFe6symbiont
- Outcome
- LTW, LRWCe6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Comparator
- single treatment with mycorrhizal species and poultry manuree6
- Setting
- saline and non-saline soil treatmentse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“inoculation with AMF in combination with PM amendment significantly increased LTW, LRWC, VI, and STI in both saline and non-saline soil treatments above single treatment with mycorrhizal species and poultry manure”
t1“Cucurbita maxima and Telfairia occidentalis”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF with poultry manure significantly increased vigor index and salt tolerance index in saline and non-saline soil.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita maximaCucurbita maximat1
- Treatment
- inoculation with AMF in combination with PM amendmente6
- Interactor
- AMFe6symbiont
- Outcome
- VI, and STIe6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Comparator
- single treatment with mycorrhizal species and poultry manuree6
- Setting
- saline and non-saline soil treatmentse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“inoculation with AMF in combination with PM amendment significantly increased LTW, LRWC, VI, and STI in both saline and non-saline soil treatments above single treatment with mycorrhizal species and poultry manure”
t1“Cucurbita maxima and Telfairia occidentalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation reduced electrolyte leakage.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita maximaCucurbita maximat1
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal inoculatione5
- Outcome
- ELe5
- Direction
- reducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“However, EL reduced with mycorrhizal inoculation”
t1“Cucurbita maxima and Telfairia occidentalis”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · physiology: water · Cucurbita maxima (winter squash)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
inoculation · growth · Cucurbita maxima (winter squash)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
mycorrhiza · growth · Cucurbita maxima (winter squash)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.