Abstract
All organisms in nature interact and compete with each other. Various groups of organisms such as algae, lichens, crops and weeds have been found as allelopathic interaction and it is known that lichens have many potent secondary metabolites. The aim of this study was to determine the allelopathic effects of lyophilized ethanolic extract of Xanthoparmelia somloensis (Gyelnik) Hale lichen (XS) on tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) germination and early development stage. Obtained lyophilized ethanolic extracts of XS lichen at concentrations of 50 ppm (XS-50), 100 ppm (XS-100), 200 ppm (XS-200) and 400 ppm (XS-400) were applied to tomato seeds and seedlings. In order to determine the effects caused by the extracts, germination rate and seedling growth parameters (vigor index, length, fresh weight, relative water content and pigment contents) were analyzed. According to the obtained data, there were significant decreases in germination rate and vigor index values depending on the increase in lichen extract concentration. Similar effects were also observed in root and shoot length and pigment contents. However, results of the lowest application (XS-50) were similar to control except root length and carotenoid content. The data obtained from this study exhibited that the lichen Xanthoparmelia somloensis has allelopathic effects and has the potential to be used for agricultural purposes.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing lichen extract concentration significantly decreased tomato germination rate.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- lichen extract concentratione0
- Interactor
- Xanthoparmelia somloensis
Xanthoparmelia stenophyllat0other - Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were significant decreases in germination rate and vigor index values depending on the increase in lichen extract concentration”
t0“Xanthoparmelia somloensis (Gyelnik) Hale lichen on tomato plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing lichen extract concentration significantly decreased tomato vigor index.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- lichen extract concentratione0
- Interactor
- Xanthoparmelia somloensisXanthoparmelia stenophyllat0other
- Outcome
- vigor index valuese0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were significant decreases in germination rate and vigor index values depending on the increase in lichen extract concentration”
t0“Xanthoparmelia somloensis (Gyelnik) Hale lichen on tomato plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Root and shoot length and pigment contents showed similar decreases with lichen extract.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- lyophilized ethanol extractt0
- Interactor
- Xanthoparmelia somloensisXanthoparmelia stenophyllat0other
- Outcome
- root and shoot length and pigment contentse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar effects were also observed in root and shoot length and pigment contents”
t0“lyophilized ethanol extract of Xanthoparmelia somloensis (Gyelnik) Hale lichen on tomato plant”
Claim · model-written summary
The lowest extract application resembled control for most outcomes except root length and carotenoid content.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- lowest application (XS-50)e0
- Outcome
- resultse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Qualifier
- except root length and carotenoid contente0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“results of the lowest application (XS-50) were similar to control except root length and carotenoid content”
t0“tomato plant”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded the lichen has allelopathic effects and agricultural potential.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Xanthoparmelia somloensisXanthoparmelia stenophyllae0other
- Outcome
- potential to be used for agricultural purposese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lichen Xanthoparmelia somloensis has allelopathic effects and has the potential to be used for agricultural purposes”
t0“tomato plant”