Abstract
Biochar is a kind of organic matter that can be added into the soil as a soil amendment to improve its quality. What are the effects of using biochar on purple soil and soybeans? Can the use of biochar reduce the use of fertilizers? This is our concern. Therefore, we carried out this study. The objectives of our study were to evaluate the effects of biochar, inorganic and organic fertilizer application on plant growth, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic gas exchange, and yield of soybean as well as fertility and microbial community in purple soil, and to appraise the possible reduction rate of inorganic fertilizer under the biochar application. A pot experiment was conducted with three levels of biochar, two levels of inorganic fertilizer, and two levels of organic fertilizer in a randomized complete block. The results indicated that the low rate of biochar together with half rate of inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer increased the plant growth of soybean. Meanwhile, the chlorophyll content, root growth, and yield of soybean were increased by 16.61, 197.73, and 96.7%, respectively, with biochar compared with no biochar. The high rate of biochar with half rate of inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer can promote the exchange of photosynthetic gas in soybean, and the photosynthetic rate increased by 45.25% compared with the blank control. At the full pod stage, the nitrogen content, phosphorus content, and potassium content of the whole plant under the high rate of biochar were 28.35, 13.65, and 28.78%, respectively, higher than that of the blank control. The application of biochar increased nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake of soybean. The high rate of biochar with half rate of inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer can improve soil nutrient content and soil microbial community. Compared with no biochar treatments, total organic carbon (TOC) increased by 740.28%, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) increased by 54.17%. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) increased by 65.22%, and all kinds of soil microorganisms increased to varying degrees. In conclusion, the application of biochar can reduce the use of organic and inorganic fertilizers, improve the agronomic traits and yield of soybean, and play a positive role in soil nutrients and soil microorganisms.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Low biochar with half-rate inorganic and organic fertilizer increased soybean growth.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- low rate of biochar together with half rate of inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the low rate of biochar together with half rate of inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer increased the plant growth of soybean.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased soybean chlorophyll content by 16.61% versus no biochar.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- biochare0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 16.61e0
- Comparator
- no biochare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the chlorophyll content, root growth, and yield of soybean were increased by 16.61, 197.73, and 96.7%, respectively, with biochar compared with no biochar.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased soybean root growth by 197.73% versus no biochar.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- biochare0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 197.73e0
- Comparator
- no biochare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the chlorophyll content, root growth, and yield of soybean were increased by 16.61, 197.73, and 96.7%, respectively, with biochar compared with no biochar.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased soybean yield by 96.7% versus no biochar.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- biochare0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 96.7%e0
- Comparator
- no biochare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the chlorophyll content, root growth, and yield of soybean were increased by 16.61, 197.73, and 96.7%, respectively, with biochar compared with no biochar.”
Claim · model-written summary
High biochar with half-rate inorganic and organic fertilizer increased soybean photosynthetic rate by 45.25% against the blank control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- high rate of biochar with half rate of inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 45.25%e0
- Comparator
- blank controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The high rate of biochar with half rate of inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer can promote the exchange of photosynthetic gas in soybean, and the photosynthetic rate increased by 45.25% compared with the blank control.”
Claim · model-written summary
High biochar raised whole-plant nitrogen content by 28.35% at full pod stage versus blank control.
Verbatim
e0“At the full pod stage, the nitrogen content, phosphorus content, and potassium content of the whole plant under the high rate of biochar were 28.35, 13.65, and 28.78%, respectively, higher than that of the blank control.”
Claim · model-written summary
High biochar raised whole-plant phosphorus content by 13.65% at full pod stage versus blank control.
Verbatim
e0“At the full pod stage, the nitrogen content, phosphorus content, and potassium content of the whole plant under the high rate of biochar were 28.35, 13.65, and 28.78%, respectively, higher than that of the blank control.”
Claim · model-written summary
High biochar raised whole-plant potassium content by 28.78% at full pod stage versus blank control.
Verbatim
e0“At the full pod stage, the nitrogen content, phosphorus content, and potassium content of the whole plant under the high rate of biochar were 28.35, 13.65, and 28.78%, respectively, higher than that of the blank control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased soybean nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- biochare0
- Outcome
- nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of biochar increased nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake of soybean.”
Claim · model-written summary
High biochar with half-rate inorganic and organic fertilizer improved soil nutrient content.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- high rate of biochar with half rate of inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- soil nutrient contente0
- Direction
- improvee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The high rate of biochar with half rate of inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer can improve soil nutrient content and soil microbial community.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
High biochar with half-rate inorganic and organic fertilizer improved the soil microbial community.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- high rate of biochar with half rate of inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- soil microbial communitye0
- Direction
- improvee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The high rate of biochar with half rate of inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer can improve soil nutrient content and soil microbial community.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
With biochar, soil total organic carbon increased 740.28% versus no biochar.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- biochare0
- Outcome
- total organic carbon (TOC)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 740.28%e0
- Comparator
- no biochar treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with no biochar treatments, total organic carbon (TOC) increased by 740.28%”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
With biochar, soil cation exchange capacity increased 54.17% versus no biochar.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- biochare0
- Outcome
- cation exchange capacity (CEC)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 54.17%e0
- Comparator
- no biochar treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with no biochar treatments, total organic carbon (TOC) increased by 740.28%, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) increased by 54.17%.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil phospholipid fatty acid increased 65.22% with biochar.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 65.22%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) increased by 65.22%”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
All kinds of soil microorganisms increased to varying degrees.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- soil microorganismse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- to varying degreese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all kinds of soil microorganisms increased to varying degrees.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude biochar can reduce organic and inorganic fertilizer use in soybean production.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- biochare0
- Outcome
- use of organic and inorganic fertilizerse0
- Direction
- reducee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of biochar can reduce the use of organic and inorganic fertilizers, improve the agronomic traits and yield of soybean”
t0“Soybean”
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8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.