Abstract
Within Mediterranean cropping systems, legume forage crops that last up to 6 years or more (e.g., alfalfa) are replaced with cereal crops (e.g., wheat). The change from forage to cereal crops has negative climate and environmental impacts that must be addressed with mitigation actions. This study evaluated the synergies and tradeoffs between the ecosystem services provided by three management systems after forage legume. A field trial was set up from October 2017 to September 2019 on a 6-year-old alfalfa field subjected to the following management systems: (i) alfalfa termination followed by wheat for 2 years (WW, control); (ii) alfalfa termination followed by single amendment with 60 Mg ha−1 recalcitrant biochar and then by wheat for 2 years (WWB60); and (iii) extension of alfalfa for 2 years (AEXT). A range of regulating, supporting, and provisioning ecosystem services were assessed during the 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons. The results highlight that WWB60 can guarantee carbon sequestration without causing tradeoffs with other services, while AEXT can enhance soil conservation while not increasing soil greenhouse gas emissions. Future policies should support the WWB60 system if the goal is to increase the supporting services. Conversely, the AEXT system should be used if the goal is to increase the regulating and provisioning services.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar amendment after alfalfa guarantees carbon sequestration without tradeoffs with other services
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae0 - Treatment
- single amendment with 60 Mg ha−1 recalcitrant biochare2
- Outcome
- carbon sequestratione1
- Qualifier
- without causing tradeoffs with other servicese1
- Comparator
- WW, controle3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on a 6-year-old alfalfa field”
e1“The results highlight that WWB60 can guarantee carbon sequestration without causing tradeoffs with other services”
e2“single amendment with 60 Mg ha−1 recalcitrant biochar”
e3“alfalfa termination followed by wheat for 2 years (WW, control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Extending alfalfa for 2 years enhanced soil conservation
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- extension of alfalfa for 2 yearse2
- Outcome
- soil conservatione1
- Direction
- enhancee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on a 6-year-old alfalfa field”
e1“AEXT can enhance soil conservation while not increasing soil greenhouse gas emissions”
e2“extension of alfalfa for 2 years”
Claim · model-written summary
Extending alfalfa for 2 years did not increase soil greenhouse gas emissions
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- extension of alfalfa for 2 yearse2
- Outcome
- soil greenhouse gas emissionse1
- Direction
- not increasinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on a 6-year-old alfalfa field”
e1“AEXT can enhance soil conservation while not increasing soil greenhouse gas emissions”
e2“extension of alfalfa for 2 years”
Claim · model-written summary
Future policies should support the WWB60 system to increase supporting services
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Outcome
- support the WWB60 systeme3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on a 6-year-old alfalfa field”
e3“Future policies should support the WWB60 system if the goal is to increase the supporting services”
Claim · model-written summary
The AEXT system should be used to increase regulating and provisioning services
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Outcome
- the AEXT system should be usede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on a 6-year-old alfalfa field”
e4“the AEXT system should be used if the goal is to increase the regulating and provisioning services”
The same questions in other papers
biochar · soil: chemistry · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
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- positive
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- positive
- positive
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.