Abstract
An adequate availability of Zinc (Zn) is crucial for plant growth and development given the essentiality of this element. Thus, both Zn deficiency and Zn toxicity can limit crop yields. In plants, the responses to Zn imbalances involve important physiological aspects such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, phytohormone balance, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) metabolism, and organic acids (OAs) accumulation. However, a way to improve tolerance to stresses such as those produced by nutritional imbalances is the application of beneficial elements such as silicon (Si). In this study, we grew barley plants in hydroponics under Zn deficiency and toxicity conditions, applying Si in the form of CaSiO3 in order to assess its effectiveness against Zn imbalances. Parameters related to plant growth, oxidative stress, TCA enzyme activities, phytohormones and OAs accumulation were analyzed. Both Zn deficiency and toxicity reduced leaf biomass, increased ROS accumulation, and affected phytohormone and OAs concentrations and TCA enzyme activities. CaSiO3 treatment was effective in counteracting these effects enhancing Zn accumulation under Zn deficient conditions and limiting its accumulation under toxic conditions. In addition, this treatment decreased ROS levels, and improved ascorbate/glutathione and phytohormonal responses, citrate synthase activity, and malate/oxalate ratio. Therefore, this study enhanced the notion of the efficacy of CaSiO3 in improving tolerance to Zn imbalances.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Zn deficiency reduced leaf biomass.
- Taxon
- barley plants
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- Zn deficiencye0
- Outcome
- leaf biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Both Zn deficiency and toxicity reduced leaf biomass, increased ROS accumulation, and affected phytohormone and OAs concentrations and TCA enzyme activities”
t0“barley plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn deficiency increased ROS accumulation.
- Taxon
- barley plantsHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Zn deficiencye0
- Outcome
- ROS accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both Zn deficiency and toxicity reduced leaf biomass, increased ROS accumulation, and affected phytohormone and OAs concentrations and TCA enzyme activities”
t0“barley plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn deficiency affected phytohormone and OAs concentrations.
- Taxon
- barley plantsHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Zn deficiencye0
- Outcome
- phytohormone and OAs concentrationse0
- Direction
- affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both Zn deficiency and toxicity reduced leaf biomass, increased ROS accumulation, and affected phytohormone and OAs concentrations and TCA enzyme activities”
t0“barley plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn deficiency affected TCA enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- barley plantsHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Zn deficiencye0
- Outcome
- TCA enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both Zn deficiency and toxicity reduced leaf biomass, increased ROS accumulation, and affected phytohormone and OAs concentrations and TCA enzyme activities”
t0“barley plants”
Claim · model-written summary
toxicity reduced leaf biomass.
- Taxon
- barley plantsHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- toxicitye0
- Outcome
- leaf biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both Zn deficiency and toxicity reduced leaf biomass, increased ROS accumulation, and affected phytohormone and OAs concentrations and TCA enzyme activities”
t0“barley plants”
Claim · model-written summary
toxicity increased ROS accumulation.
- Taxon
- barley plantsHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- toxicitye0
- Outcome
- ROS accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both Zn deficiency and toxicity reduced leaf biomass, increased ROS accumulation, and affected phytohormone and OAs concentrations and TCA enzyme activities”
t0“barley plants”
Claim · model-written summary
toxicity affected phytohormone and OAs concentrations.
- Taxon
- barley plantsHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- toxicitye0
- Outcome
- phytohormone and OAs concentrationse0
- Direction
- affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both Zn deficiency and toxicity reduced leaf biomass, increased ROS accumulation, and affected phytohormone and OAs concentrations and TCA enzyme activities”
t0“barley plants”
Claim · model-written summary
toxicity affected TCA enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- barley plantsHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- toxicitye0
- Outcome
- TCA enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both Zn deficiency and toxicity reduced leaf biomass, increased ROS accumulation, and affected phytohormone and OAs concentrations and TCA enzyme activities”
t0“barley plants”
Claim · model-written summary
CaSiO3 increased zinc accumulation under zinc deficiency.
- Taxon
- barley plantsHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- CaSiO3 treatmente0
- Outcome
- Zn accumulatione0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
- Qualifier
- Zn deficient conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CaSiO3 treatment was effective in counteracting these effects enhancing Zn accumulation under Zn deficient conditions and limiting its accumulation under toxic conditions”
t0“barley plants”
Claim · model-written summary
CaSiO3 limited zinc accumulation under zinc toxicity.
- Taxon
- barley plantsHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- CaSiO3 treatmente0
- Outcome
- Zn accumulatione0
- Direction
- limitinge0
- Qualifier
- toxic conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CaSiO3 treatment was effective in counteracting these effects enhancing Zn accumulation under Zn deficient conditions and limiting its accumulation under toxic conditions”
t0“barley plants”
Claim · model-written summary
CaSiO3 decreased ROS levels.
- Taxon
- barley plantsHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- this treatmente0
- Outcome
- ROS levelse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this treatment decreased ROS levels, and improved ascorbate/glutathione and phytohormonal responses, citrate synthase activity, and malate/oxalate ratio”
t0“barley plants”
Claim · model-written summary
CaSiO3 improved ascorbate/glutathione and phytohormonal responses.
- Taxon
- barley plantsHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- this treatmente0
- Outcome
- ascorbate/glutathione and phytohormonal responsese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this treatment decreased ROS levels, and improved ascorbate/glutathione and phytohormonal responses, citrate synthase activity, and malate/oxalate ratio”
t0“barley plants”
Claim · model-written summary
CaSiO3 improved citrate synthase activity.
- Taxon
- barley plantsHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- this treatmente0
- Outcome
- citrate synthase activitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this treatment decreased ROS levels, and improved ascorbate/glutathione and phytohormonal responses, citrate synthase activity, and malate/oxalate ratio”
t0“barley plants”
Claim · model-written summary
CaSiO3 improved malate/oxalate ratio.
- Taxon
- barley plantsHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- this treatmente0
- Outcome
- malate/oxalate ratioe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this treatment decreased ROS levels, and improved ascorbate/glutathione and phytohormonal responses, citrate synthase activity, and malate/oxalate ratio”
t0“barley plants”
Claim · model-written summary
CaSiO3 improved tolerance to zinc imbalances.
- Taxon
- barley plantsHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- CaSiO3e0
- Outcome
- tolerance to Zn imbalancese0
- Direction
- improvinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this study enhanced the notion of the efficacy of CaSiO3 in improving tolerance to Zn imbalances”
t0“barley plants”
The same questions in other papers
zinc atom · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results differ
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This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
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This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
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- positive
zinc atom · physiology: hormones · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
- positive
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.