Abstract
Aim: This study was conducted to assess the mitigation effect of A. vera leaf ethanolic and water extracts on plant growth, MDA and protein content, and mitotic index of barley seedlings irrigated with sewage water. Methodology: The experiment was conducted in a green house in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, in plastic bags containing air-dried loam soil and compost (1:1). Wastewater samples were collected from Al-Ahsa Sewage Treatment Plant/Al-Ahsa/Saudi Arabia. Seeds of barley were exposed to the following treatments for three weeks: 100% treated wastewater, treated wastewater mixed with: 0.05 g ml-1 A. vera alcoholic extract (Alc Ext) or 0.05 g ml-1 A. vera water extract (Wat Ext), 0.15 g ml-1 Alc Ext or 0.15 g ml-1 Wat Ext. Similar test doses were prepared for untreated wastewater. A separate set of seeds was prepared using distilled water as a control. Germination rate, fresh and dry weight, protein content, MDA content and mitotic index were determined. Results: Untreated wastewater caused significant reduction in fresh weight while both treated and untreated wastewater showed insignificant decrease in dry weight of barley. No significant change in MDA contents were observed in all treatments, except for addition of 0.15 A. vera water extract to untreated wastewater. Protein content showed an increase in both treated wastewater (insignificant) and untreated wastewater (significant). Addition of A. vera extracts increased accumulation of protein in both shoot and root. A. vera alcoholic extract promoted significant increase in both root and shoot protein of treated wastewater, but only shoot protein of untreated wastewater. A significant reduction in mitotic index was induced by wastewater, while addition of A. vera extracts stimulated significant increase in mitotic index. Interpretation: A. vera possess reactive oxygen species scavenging ability and enzyme conservation activity in addition to stimulatory effects on cell proliferation and cell-cycle process that add a modulation credit on protein content and mitotic index of barley.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated wastewater significantly reduced barley fresh weight.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- Untreated wastewatere0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Untreated wastewater caused significant reduction in fresh weight while both treated and untreated wastewater showed insignificant decrease in dry weight of barley.”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated wastewater showed a nonsignificant dry weight decrease.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- treated wastewatere0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both treated and untreated wastewater showed insignificant decrease in dry weight of barley.”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated wastewater showed a nonsignificant dry weight decrease.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- untreated wastewatere0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both treated and untreated wastewater showed insignificant decrease in dry weight of barley.”
Claim · model-written summary
Most treatments had no significant MDA change.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- all treatmentse0
- Outcome
- MDA contentse0
- Direction
- No significant changee0
- Qualifier
- except for addition of 0.15 A. vera water extract to untreated wastewatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant change in MDA contents were observed in all treatments, except for addition of 0.15 A. vera water extract to untreated wastewater.”
t0“barley seedlings irrigated with sewage water”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0.15 A. vera water extract addition to untreated wastewater was an exception to the lack of MDA changes.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- addition of 0.15 A. vera water extract to untreated wastewatere0
- Outcome
- MDA contentse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant change in MDA contents were observed in all treatments, except for addition of 0.15 A. vera water extract to untreated wastewater.”
t0“barley seedlings irrigated with sewage water”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated wastewater nonsignificantly increased protein content.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- treated wastewatere0
- Outcome
- Protein contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Protein content showed an increase in both treated wastewater (insignificant) and untreated wastewater (significant).”
t0“barley seedlings irrigated with sewage water”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated wastewater significantly increased protein content.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- untreated wastewatere0
- Outcome
- Protein contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Protein content showed an increase in both treated wastewater (insignificant) and untreated wastewater (significant).”
t0“barley seedlings irrigated with sewage water”
Claim · model-written summary
Aloe vera extracts increased protein accumulation in shoots and roots.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- shoot and roote0
- Treatment
- A. vera extractse0
- Outcome
- accumulation of proteine0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of A. vera extracts increased accumulation of protein in both shoot and root.”
t0“barley seedlings irrigated with sewage water”
Claim · model-written summary
Aloe vera alcoholic extract significantly increased root and shoot protein under treated wastewater.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- A. vera alcoholic extracte0
- Outcome
- root and shoot proteine0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- treated wastewatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. vera alcoholic extract promoted significant increase in both root and shoot protein of treated wastewater, but only shoot protein of untreated wastewater.”
t0“barley seedlings irrigated with sewage water”
Claim · model-written summary
Aloe vera alcoholic extract significantly increased shoot protein under untreated wastewater.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- A. vera alcoholic extracte0
- Outcome
- shoot proteine0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- untreated wastewatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. vera alcoholic extract promoted significant increase in both root and shoot protein of treated wastewater, but only shoot protein of untreated wastewater.”
t0“barley seedlings irrigated with sewage water”
Claim · model-written summary
Wastewater significantly reduced mitotic index.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- wastewatere0
- Outcome
- mitotic indexe0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant reduction in mitotic index was induced by wastewater, while addition of A. vera extracts stimulated significant increase in mitotic index.”
t0“barley seedlings irrigated with sewage water”
Claim · model-written summary
Aloe vera extracts significantly increased mitotic index.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- A. vera extractse0
- Outcome
- mitotic indexe0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant reduction in mitotic index was induced by wastewater, while addition of A. vera extracts stimulated significant increase in mitotic index.”
t0“barley seedlings irrigated with sewage water”