Abstract
Harvesting is one of the most critical operation in carrot cultivation because it is labour intensive (350 – 450 man-h/ha) and time consuming for the farmers. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of single row tractor operated carrot digger designed by department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, COAE&T, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India. The developed digger consisted of a digging, conveying, de-topping, collector and power transmission units. The carrot digger can be operated with 35 horse power tractor. It was evaluated under three variables viz., three digging blade angles (15°, 18°, 21°), three conveyor angles (25°, 35°, 45°) and three shoot catch heights (2, 4, 6 cm). The optimum value of variables obtained for operation of carrot digger were blade angle of 21°, conveyor angle of 250 and shoot catch height of 2 cm. Effective field capacity of the digger was 0.11 ha h-1 with field efficiency of 61.70 %. The digging efficiency, cut carrots, bruised carrots, picking efficiency and cutting efficiency of de-topping unit were 100, 0.62, 0.90, 62.29 and 100%, respectively at optimized value of operational variables. The labour requirement with developed carrot digger and manual method of harvesting was found 27 and 450 man-h ha-1, respectively. The operational cost of carrot digger was found Rs. 8242 ha-1 and it saves time and cost of operation in comparison to manual method of carrot harvesting. The break-even point, payback period and benefit cost ratio were 234 hours, 2.21 years and 1.56, respectively when operated for 400 hours annually. The carrot digger works better if carrots are sown in single row on the ridges rather than the broadcasting method.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal blade angle was 21°.
- Taxon
- carrot
Daucus carotat0 - Outcome
- blade anglee0
- Value
- 21°e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“blade angle of 21°”
t0“carrot”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal conveyor angle was reported as 250.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotat0
- Outcome
- conveyor anglee0
- Value
- 250e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“conveyor angle of 250”
t0“carrot”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal shoot catch height was 2 cm.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotat0
- Outcome
- shoot catch heighte0
- Value
- 2 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoot catch height of 2 cm”
t0“carrot”
Claim · model-written summary
Digger field capacity was 0.11 ha h-1.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotat0
- Outcome
- Effective field capacitye0
- Value
- 0.11 ha h-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effective field capacity of the digger was 0.11 ha h-1”
t0“carrot”
Claim · model-written summary
Field efficiency was 61.70 %.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotat0
- Outcome
- field efficiencye0
- Value
- 61.70 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“field efficiency of 61.70 %”
t0“carrot”
Claim · model-written summary
Digging efficiency was 100%.
- Taxon
- carrotsDaucus carotae0
- Outcome
- digging efficiencye0
- Value
- 100e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The digging efficiency, cut carrots, bruised carrots, picking efficiency and cutting efficiency of de-topping unit were 100, 0.62, 0.90, 62.29 and 100%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Cut carrots were 0.62%.
- Taxon
- carrotsDaucus carotae0
- Outcome
- cut carrotse0
- Value
- 0.62e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cut carrots, bruised carrots, picking efficiency and cutting efficiency of de-topping unit were 100, 0.62, 0.90, 62.29 and 100%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Bruised carrots were 0.90%.
- Taxon
- carrotsDaucus carotae0
- Outcome
- bruised carrotse0
- Value
- 0.90e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bruised carrots, picking efficiency and cutting efficiency of de-topping unit were 100, 0.62, 0.90, 62.29 and 100%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Picking efficiency was 62.29%.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotat0
- Outcome
- picking efficiencye0
- Value
- 62.29e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“picking efficiency and cutting efficiency of de-topping unit were 100, 0.62, 0.90, 62.29 and 100%, respectively”
t0“carrot”
Claim · model-written summary
De-topping cutting efficiency was 100%.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotat0
- Outcome
- cutting efficiency of de-topping unite0
- Value
- 100%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cutting efficiency of de-topping unit were 100, 0.62, 0.90, 62.29 and 100%, respectively”
t0“carrot”
Claim · model-written summary
Digger harvesting required 27 man-h ha-1 versus 450 manually.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae0
- Outcome
- labour requiremente0
- Value
- 27e0
- Qualifier
- 450 man-h ha-1e0
- Comparator
- manual method of harvestinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The labour requirement with developed carrot digger and manual method of harvesting was found 27 and 450 man-h ha-1, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Digger operational cost was Rs. 8242 ha-1.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae0
- Outcome
- operational coste0
- Value
- Rs. 8242 ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The operational cost of carrot digger was found Rs. 8242 ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
The digger saved time and cost compared with manual harvesting.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae0
- Outcome
- time and cost of operatione0
- Direction
- savese0
- Comparator
- manual method of carrot harvestinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it saves time and cost of operation in comparison to manual method of carrot harvesting.”
Claim · model-written summary
Break-even point was 234 hours.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotat0
- Outcome
- break-even pointe0
- Value
- 234 hourse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The break-even point, payback period and benefit cost ratio were 234 hours, 2.21 years and 1.56, respectively”
t0“carrot”
Claim · model-written summary
Payback period was 2.21 years.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotat0
- Outcome
- payback periode0
- Value
- 2.21 yearse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“payback period and benefit cost ratio were 234 hours, 2.21 years and 1.56, respectively”
t0“carrot”
Claim · model-written summary
Benefit cost ratio was 1.56.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotat0
- Outcome
- benefit cost ratioe0
- Value
- 1.56e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“benefit cost ratio were 234 hours, 2.21 years and 1.56, respectively”
t0“carrot”
Claim · model-written summary
The digger worked better for single-row ridge sowing than broadcasting.
- Taxon
- carrotsDaucus carotae0
- Outcome
- works bettere0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- broadcasting methode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The carrot digger works better if carrots are sown in single row on the ridges rather than the broadcasting method.”