Abstract
Densities of 10, 20, and 30 hard red winter wheat kernels, Triticum aestivum L., were infested with different life stages of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), mixed with 35 g of wheat treated with 300 ppm of the Protect-It (Mississauga, Ontario, Canada) formulation of diatomaceous earth (DE), and held at 22, 27, and 32°C. A similar test was conducted by exposing densities of 6, 12, and 18 corn kernels infested with different life stages of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, mixed with 30 g of corn, Zea mays L., treated with 300 ppm of DE. Mortality of adults emerging from kernels in wheat treated with DE was always greater than controls, and ranged from 56 to 90% at 22°C and was >90% at 27 and 32°C. In most treatment combinations, exposure to DE suppressed F1 progeny by 60–90% relative to untreated controls. Mortality of adult maize weevils on treated corn held at 22 and 27°C was lower than mortality of rice weevils on wheat, and ranged from 4 to 84%. F1 production was low in corn held at 22°C, and no F1s were produced in either the controls or the treatments at 32°C. In treated corn held at 27°C, exposure to the DE suppressed F1 progeny by ≈70–80% relative to the untreated controls. Results of this study show that rice weevils and maize weevils emerging from infested kernels as adults are susceptible to DE, and these results are comparable to other studies in which adult weevils were exposed directly on wheat or corn treated with DE. Although adult weevils will be killed by exposure to DE, some oviposition could still occur and progeny suppression may not be complete; however, application of DE to commodities already infested with internal feeders, such as the rice weevil and the maize weevil, could help eliminate or suppress the infestation.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Adult rice weevils emerging from DE-treated wheat kernels had greater mortality than controls, 56 to 90% at 22°C.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- treated with DEe2
- Interactor
- rice weevil
Sitophilus oryzaee1pest - Outcome
- Mortality of adultse2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Value
- 56 to 90%e2
- Qualifier
- at 22°Ce2
- Comparator
- controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Densities of 10, 20, and 30 hard red winter wheat kernels, Triticum aestivum L., were infested with different life stages of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.)”
e2“Mortality of adults emerging from kernels in wheat treated with DE was always greater than controls, and ranged from 56 to 90% at 22°C and was >90% at 27 and 32°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Adult rice weevils emerging from DE-treated wheat kernels had greater mortality than controls, above 90% at 27 and 32°C.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- treated with DEe2
- Interactor
- rice weevilSitophilus oryzaee1pest
- Outcome
- Mortality of adultse2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Value
- >90%e2
- Qualifier
- 27 and 32°Ce2
- Comparator
- controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Densities of 10, 20, and 30 hard red winter wheat kernels, Triticum aestivum L., were infested with different life stages of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.)”
e2“Mortality of adults emerging from kernels in wheat treated with DE was always greater than controls, and ranged from 56 to 90% at 22°C and was >90% at 27 and 32°C”
Claim · model-written summary
DE exposure suppressed F1 progeny of rice weevils by 60–90% relative to untreated controls in most treatment combinations.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- exposure to DEe3
- Interactor
- rice weevilSitophilus oryzaee1pest
- Outcome
- F1 progenye3
- Direction
- suppressede3
- Value
- 60–90%e3
- Qualifier
- In most treatment combinationse3
- Comparator
- untreated controlse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Densities of 10, 20, and 30 hard red winter wheat kernels, Triticum aestivum L., were infested with different life stages of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.)”
e3“In most treatment combinations, exposure to DE suppressed F1 progeny by 60–90% relative to untreated controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize weevil adult mortality on DE-treated corn held at 22 and 27°C was lower than rice weevil mortality on wheat, 4 to 84%.
- Treatment
- treated corne5
- Interactor
- maize weevil
Sitophilus zeamaise4pest - Outcome
- Mortality of adult maize weevilse5
- Direction
- lowere5
- Value
- 4 to 84%e5
- Qualifier
- held at 22 and 27°Ce5
- Comparator
- mortality of rice weevils on wheate5
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“A similar test was conducted by exposing densities of 6, 12, and 18 corn kernels infested with different life stages of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, mixed with 30 g of corn, Zea mays L., treated with 300 ppm of DE”
e5“Mortality of adult maize weevils on treated corn held at 22 and 27°C was lower than mortality of rice weevils on wheat, and ranged from 4 to 84%”
Claim · model-written summary
F1 production of maize weevils on corn held at 22°C was low.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse6 - Interactor
- maize weevilSitophilus zeamaise4pest
- Outcome
- F1 productione6
- Direction
- lowe6
- Qualifier
- corn held at 22°Ce6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“A similar test was conducted by exposing densities of 6, 12, and 18 corn kernels infested with different life stages of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, mixed with 30 g of corn, Zea mays L., treated with 300 ppm of DE”
e6“F1 production was low in corn held at 22°C, and no F1s were produced in either the controls or the treatments at 32°C”
Claim · model-written summary
No F1 maize weevils were produced on corn at 32°C, in either controls or DE treatments.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse6
- Interactor
- maize weevilSitophilus zeamaise4pest
- Outcome
- F1se6
- Qualifier
- 32°Ce6
- Comparator
- controlse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“A similar test was conducted by exposing densities of 6, 12, and 18 corn kernels infested with different life stages of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, mixed with 30 g of corn, Zea mays L., treated with 300 ppm of DE”
e6“F1 production was low in corn held at 22°C, and no F1s were produced in either the controls or the treatments at 32°C”
Claim · model-written summary
In treated corn held at 27°C, DE suppressed maize weevil F1 progeny by about 70–80% relative to untreated controls.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse7
- Treatment
- exposure to the DEe7
- Interactor
- maize weevilSitophilus zeamaise4pest
- Outcome
- F1 progenye7
- Direction
- suppressede7
- Value
- ≈70–80%e7
- Qualifier
- held at 27°Ce7
- Comparator
- untreated controlse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“A similar test was conducted by exposing densities of 6, 12, and 18 corn kernels infested with different life stages of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, mixed with 30 g of corn, Zea mays L., treated with 300 ppm of DE”
e7“In treated corn held at 27°C, exposure to the DE suppressed F1 progeny by ≈70–80% relative to the untreated controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Adult rice and maize weevils emerging from infested kernels are susceptible to DE.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume1
- Interactor
- rice weevilSitophilus oryzaee1pest
- Second interactor
- maize weevilSitophilus zeamaise0pest
- Outcome
- susceptible to DEe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Densities of 10, 20, and 30 hard red winter wheat kernels, Triticum aestivum L., were infested with different life stages of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.)”
e0“Results of this study show that rice weevils and maize weevils emerging from infested kernels as adults are susceptible to DE”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying DE to commodities already infested with rice and maize weevils could help eliminate or suppress the infestation.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- application of DE to commoditiese0
- Interactor
- rice weevilSitophilus oryzaee0pest
- Second interactor
- maize weevilSitophilus zeamaise0pest
- Outcome
- eliminate or suppress the infestatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Densities of 10, 20, and 30 hard red winter wheat kernels, Triticum aestivum L., were infested with different life stages of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.)”
e0“application of DE to commodities already infested with internal feeders, such as the rice weevil and the maize weevil, could help eliminate or suppress the infestation”
The same questions in other papers
Zea mays subsp. mays · Sitophilus zeamais · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
diatomaceous earth · Sitophilus zeamais · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →diatomaceous earth · Sitophilus oryzae · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
14 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.