Abstract
1. Changes in nitrogen and carbohydrate contents in hardwood cuttings of grapevines (cv. Delaware) were investigated during propagation.2. Dry weight of a whole cutting continued to decrease gradually through 60 days after planting and thereafter began to increase due to the growth of new shoots. The increase of dry weight in upper and lower half stems indicated that the newly photosynthesized matters in new shoots began to be translocated into the originalstems.3. The soluble-nitrogen content (% dry weight) gradually decreased in both upper and lower half stems throughout the propagation period. While, the insoluble-nitrogen content decreased markedly only in upper half stems as the new shoots grew. The trend of total-nitrogen content was very similar to that of insoluble nitrogen content.4. Distribution ratios of soluble-, insoluble-, and total-nitrogen in upper and lower half stems lowered rapidly as the new shoots and new roots developed. Eighty days after planting, the distribution ratio of total-nitrogen in new shoots, upper hlaf stems, lower half stems and new roots became 32%, 32%, 33%, and 3%, respectively. These values showed that a considerable amount of nitrogen moved from the lower parts to the upper parts of the cuttings.5. Little differences were found in the contents (% dry weight) of starch, sugars and total carbohydrate between upper and lower half stems. The starch content generally decreased in both parts throughout the propagation period, while the total sugar content showed a marked decrease through 40 days after planting, followed by a temporary increase.6. The decrease in the total carbohydrate content, which was more markedly in lower half stems than in upper half stems, was due to that of the sugar content. Between 40 and 80 days after planting, the contents of total carbohydrate and starch in upper half stems remained unchanged or increased slightly.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Dry weight of a whole grapevine cutting decreased gradually through 60 days after planting.
- Material
- cv. Delawaree1
- Treatment
- through 60 days after plantinge2
- Outcome
- Dry weight of a whole cuttinge2
- Direction
- decreasee2
VitisOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“hardwood cuttings of grapevines (cv. Delaware)”
e2“Dry weight of a whole cutting continued to decrease gradually through 60 days after planting and thereafter began to increase due to the growth of new shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry weight of a whole grapevine cutting began to increase after 60 days with the growth of new shoots.
- Material
- cv. Delawaree1
- Treatment
- growth of new shootse2
- Outcome
- Dry weight of a whole cuttinge2
- Direction
- began to increasee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“hardwood cuttings of grapevines (cv. Delaware)”
e2“Dry weight of a whole cutting continued to decrease gradually through 60 days after planting and thereafter began to increase due to the growth of new shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble-nitrogen content gradually decreased in both upper and lower half stems of grapevine cuttings.
- Material
- cv. Delawaree1
- Organ / stage
- upper and lower half stemse3
- Treatment
- throughout the propagation periode3
- Outcome
- soluble-nitrogen contente3
- Direction
- gradually decreasede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“hardwood cuttings of grapevines (cv. Delaware)”
e3“The soluble-nitrogen content (% dry weight) gradually decreased in both upper and lower half stems throughout the propagation period”
Claim · model-written summary
Insoluble-nitrogen content decreased markedly only in upper half stems as new shoots grew.
- Material
- cv. Delawaree1
- Organ / stage
- upper half stemse4
- Treatment
- as the new shoots grewe4
- Outcome
- insoluble-nitrogen contente4
- Direction
- decreased markedlye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“hardwood cuttings of grapevines (cv. Delaware)”
e4“the insoluble-nitrogen content decreased markedly only in upper half stems as the new shoots grew”
Claim · model-written summary
The trend of total-nitrogen content was very similar to that of insoluble nitrogen content.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“hardwood cuttings of grapevines (cv. Delaware)”
e5“The trend of total-nitrogen content was very similar to that of insoluble nitrogen content”
Claim · model-written summary
Distribution ratios of soluble, insoluble and total nitrogen in upper and lower half stems lowered rapidly as new shoots and new roots developed.
- Organ / stage
- upper and lower half stemse6
- Treatment
- as the new shoots and new roots developede6
- Outcome
- Distribution ratios of soluble-, insoluble-, and total-nitrogene6
- Direction
- lowered rapidlye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“hardwood cuttings of grapevines (cv. Delaware)”
e6“Distribution ratios of soluble-, insoluble-, and total-nitrogen in upper and lower half stems lowered rapidly as the new shoots and new roots developed”
Claim · model-written summary
Eighty days after planting, the distribution ratio of total nitrogen in new shoots was 32%.
- Organ / stage
- new shootse7
- Treatment
- Eighty days after plantinge7
- Outcome
- distribution ratio of total-nitrogene7
- Value
- 32%e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“hardwood cuttings of grapevines (cv. Delaware)”
e7“Eighty days after planting, the distribution ratio of total-nitrogen in new shoots, upper hlaf stems, lower half stems and new roots became 32%, 32%, 33%, and 3%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Eighty days after planting, the distribution ratio of total nitrogen in upper half stems was 32%.
- Organ / stage
- upper hlaf stemse7
- Treatment
- Eighty days after plantinge7
- Outcome
- distribution ratio of total-nitrogene7
- Value
- 32%e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“hardwood cuttings of grapevines (cv. Delaware)”
e7“Eighty days after planting, the distribution ratio of total-nitrogen in new shoots, upper hlaf stems, lower half stems and new roots became 32%, 32%, 33%, and 3%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Eighty days after planting, the distribution ratio of total nitrogen in lower half stems was 33%.
- Organ / stage
- lower half stemse7
- Treatment
- Eighty days after plantinge7
- Outcome
- distribution ratio of total-nitrogene7
- Value
- 33%e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“hardwood cuttings of grapevines (cv. Delaware)”
e7“Eighty days after planting, the distribution ratio of total-nitrogen in new shoots, upper hlaf stems, lower half stems and new roots became 32%, 32%, 33%, and 3%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Eighty days after planting, the distribution ratio of total nitrogen in new roots was 3%.
- Organ / stage
- new rootse7
- Treatment
- Eighty days after plantinge7
- Outcome
- distribution ratio of total-nitrogene7
- Value
- 3%e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“hardwood cuttings of grapevines (cv. Delaware)”
e7“Eighty days after planting, the distribution ratio of total-nitrogen in new shoots, upper hlaf stems, lower half stems and new roots became 32%, 32%, 33%, and 3%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
A considerable amount of nitrogen moved from the lower parts to the upper parts of grapevine cuttings.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“hardwood cuttings of grapevines (cv. Delaware)”
e2“a considerable amount of nitrogen moved from the lower parts to the upper parts of the cuttings”
Claim · model-written summary
Starch, sugar and total carbohydrate contents showed little difference between upper and lower half stems.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“hardwood cuttings of grapevines (cv. Delaware)”
e2“Little differences were found in the contents (% dry weight) of starch, sugars and total carbohydrate between upper and lower half stems”
Claim · model-written summary
Starch content generally decreased in both parts of grapevine cuttings throughout propagation.
- Organ / stage
- both partse2
- Treatment
- throughout the propagation periode2
- Outcome
- starch contente2
- Direction
- generally decreasede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“hardwood cuttings of grapevines (cv. Delaware)”
e2“The starch content generally decreased in both parts throughout the propagation period”
Claim · model-written summary
Total sugar content showed a marked decrease through 40 days after planting.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“hardwood cuttings of grapevines (cv. Delaware)”
e2“the total sugar content showed a marked decrease through 40 days after planting, followed by a temporary increase”
Claim · model-written summary
Total sugar content showed a temporary increase after the 40-day decrease.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“hardwood cuttings of grapevines (cv. Delaware)”
e2“the total sugar content showed a marked decrease through 40 days after planting, followed by a temporary increase”
Claim · model-written summary
The decrease in total carbohydrate content was greater in lower half stems than in upper half stems of grapevine cuttings.
- Organ / stage
- lower half stemse2
- Outcome
- total carbohydrate contente2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Comparator
- upper half stemse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“hardwood cuttings of grapevines (cv. Delaware)”
e2“The decrease in the total carbohydrate content, which was more markedly in lower half stems than in upper half stems”
Claim · model-written summary
Between 40 and 80 days after planting, total carbohydrate and starch in upper half stems remained unchanged or increased slightly.
- Organ / stage
- upper half stemse2
- Treatment
- Between 40 and 80 days after plantinge2
- Outcome
- total carbohydrate and starche2
- Direction
- remained unchanged or increased slightlye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“hardwood cuttings of grapevines (cv. Delaware)”
e2“Between 40 and 80 days after planting, the contents of total carbohydrate and starch in upper half stems remained unchanged or increased slightly”