Abstract
A comprehensive study of the nodal and leaf anatomy of Bonnetiaceae was completed in order to provide evidence for evaluation in relation to systematics. Nodal anatomy is trilacunar, three-trace or unilacunar, one-trace. Basic leaf anatomical features of the family include: complete or incomplete medullated vascular cylinder in petiole; paracytic mature stomata with encircling ridges; large mucilaginous cells in the adaxial surface of mesophyll; periclinal divisions in upper surface layers; and discrete patches of phloem within the vascular bundles. Especially noteworthy is the presence in some genera of foliar vascular bundles enveloped by a sheath composed of two concentric regions, i.e., an inner region consisting of multiple layers of fibers and an outer specialized endodermis composed of thin-walled cells with Casparian strips. Leaves are variable with respect to lamina and cuticle thickness, relative amount and number of palisade and spongy layers, venation of lamina, and the presence or absence of sclereids and crystals in the mesophyll. A major feature in the evolution of Bonnetiaceae is development of a highly divergent, essentially parallel, leaf venation that is superficially similar to that of some monocotyledons and apparently unique among dicotyledons. Foliar anatomy provides important characters for the recognition of subgroups within Bonnetiaceae and is consistent with the segregation of Bonnetiaceae from Theaceae.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Bonnetiaceae nodal anatomy was trilacunar with three traces or unilacunar with one trace.
- Taxon
- BonnetiaceaeBonnetiaceaet0
- Outcome
- trilacunar, three-trace or unilacunar, one-tracee0
Verbatim
e0“Nodal anatomy is trilacunar, three-trace or unilacunar, one-trace”
t0“Bonnetiaceae”
Claim · model-written summary
Bonnetiaceae leaves had a medullated petiole vascular cylinder, paracytic stomata and mesophyll mucilage cells.
- Taxon
- BonnetiaceaeBonnetiaceaet0
- Outcome
- complete or incomplete medullated vascular cylinder in petiole; paracytic mature stomata with encircling ridges; large mucilaginous cells in the adaxial surface of mesophylle0
Verbatim
e0“complete or incomplete medullated vascular cylinder in petiole; paracytic mature stomata with encircling ridges; large mucilaginous cells in the adaxial surface of mesophyll”
t0“Bonnetiaceae”
Claim · model-written summary
Bonnetiaceae leaves showed upper surface periclinal divisions and discrete phloem patches within vascular bundles.
- Taxon
- BonnetiaceaeBonnetiaceaet0
- Outcome
- periclinal divisions in upper surface layers; and discrete patches of phloem within the vascular bundlese0
Verbatim
e0“periclinal divisions in upper surface layers; and discrete patches of phloem within the vascular bundles”
t0“Bonnetiaceae”
Claim · model-written summary
Some Bonnetiaceae genera had foliar vascular bundle sheaths with inner fiber layers and an outer endodermis with Casparian strips.
- Taxon
- BonnetiaceaeBonnetiaceaet0
- Outcome
- foliar vascular bundles enveloped by a sheath composed of two concentric regionse0
- Qualifier
- in some generae0
Verbatim
e0“presence in some genera of foliar vascular bundles enveloped by a sheath composed of two concentric regions, i.e., an inner region consisting of multiple layers of fibers and an outer specialized endodermis composed of thin-walled cells with Casparian strips”
t0“Bonnetiaceae”
Claim · model-written summary
Bonnetiaceae leaves varied in lamina and cuticle thickness, palisade and spongy layers, venation, sclereids and crystals.
- Taxon
- BonnetiaceaeBonnetiaceaet0
- Outcome
- lamina and cuticle thickness, relative amount and number of palisade and spongy layers, venation of laminae0
Verbatim
e0“Leaves are variable with respect to lamina and cuticle thickness, relative amount and number of palisade and spongy layers, venation of lamina, and the presence or absence of sclereids and crystals in the mesophyll”
t0“Bonnetiaceae”
Claim · model-written summary
Bonnetiaceae evolved divergent, nearly parallel leaf venation apparently unique among dicotyledons.
- Taxon
- BonnetiaceaeBonnetiaceaet0
- Outcome
- highly divergent, essentially parallel, leaf venatione0
- Qualifier
- apparently unique among dicotyledonse0
Verbatim
e0“development of a highly divergent, essentially parallel, leaf venation that is superficially similar to that of some monocotyledons and apparently unique among dicotyledons”
t0“Bonnetiaceae”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar anatomy supported subgroup recognition and separation of Bonnetiaceae from Theaceae.
- Taxon
- BonnetiaceaeBonnetiaceaee0
- Outcome
- recognition of subgroups within Bonnetiaceaee0
Verbatim
e0“Foliar anatomy provides important characters for the recognition of subgroups within Bonnetiaceae and is consistent with the segregation of Bonnetiaceae from Theaceae”