Abstract
The cambium in black locust consists of several layers of cells at all times. Cambial reactivation (division) is preceded by a decrease in density of cambial cell protoplasts and cell wall thickening but not by cell enlargement. During the resumption of cambial activity, periclinal divisions occur throughout the cambial zone. Early divisions contribute largely to the phloem side. The period of greatest cambial activity coincides with early wood formation. Judged by numerous collections made during two seasons (October, 1960-October, 1962) the seasonal cycle of phloem development is as follows. Phloem differentiation begins in early April, ends in late September. The amount of phloem produced is quite variable (range: 1-10 bands of sieve elements per year). Cessation of function begins with the accumulation of definitive callose in the first-formed sieve elements and spreads to those more recently formed. By late November all but the last-formed sieve elements are collapsed. All sieve elements are collapsed by mid-winter and before the resumption of new phloem production in spring. Phloem differentiation precedes xylem differentiation by at least 1 week, and apparently functional sieve elements are present 3 weeks before new functional vessel elements. Xylem and phloem production ends simultaneously in most trees.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
The black locust cambium consists of several layers of cells at all times.
- Taxon
- Robinia Pseudoacacia
Robinia pseudoacaciat0 - Organ / stage
- cambiume1
- Outcome
- layers of cellse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Robinia Pseudoacacia”
e1“The cambium in black locust consists of several layers of cells at all times”
Claim · model-written summary
Cambial reactivation is preceded by a decrease in density of cambial cell protoplasts and cell wall thickening, but not by cell enlargement.
- Taxon
- Robinia PseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Organ / stage
- cambial cell protoplastse1
- Outcome
- density of cambial cell protoplastse1
- Direction
- decreasee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Robinia Pseudoacacia”
e1“Cambial reactivation (division) is preceded by a decrease in density of cambial cell protoplasts and cell wall thickening but not by cell enlargement”
Claim · model-written summary
During resumption of cambial activity, periclinal divisions occur throughout the cambial zone.
- Taxon
- Robinia PseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Organ / stage
- cambial zonee1
- Outcome
- periclinal divisionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Robinia Pseudoacacia”
e1“During the resumption of cambial activity, periclinal divisions occur throughout the cambial zone”
Claim · model-written summary
Early divisions during cambial resumption contribute largely to the phloem side.
- Taxon
- Robinia PseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Organ / stage
- phloem sidee1
- Outcome
- Early divisionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Robinia Pseudoacacia”
e1“Early divisions contribute largely to the phloem side”
Claim · model-written summary
The period of greatest cambial activity coincides with early wood formation.
- Taxon
- Robinia PseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Organ / stage
- early wood formatione1
- Outcome
- greatest cambial activitye1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Robinia Pseudoacacia”
e1“The period of greatest cambial activity coincides with early wood formation”
Claim · model-written summary
Phloem differentiation begins in early April and ends in late September.
- Taxon
- Robinia PseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Outcome
- Phloem differentiatione1
- Value
- early Aprile1
- Qualifier
- ends in late Septembere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Robinia Pseudoacacia”
e1“Phloem differentiation begins in early April, ends in late September”
Claim · model-written summary
The amount of phloem produced per year is quite variable, ranging from 1 to 10 bands of sieve elements.
- Taxon
- Robinia PseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Outcome
- amount of phloem producede1
- Value
- 1-10 bands of sieve elements per yeare1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Robinia Pseudoacacia”
e1“The amount of phloem produced is quite variable (range: 1-10 bands of sieve elements per year)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cessation of sieve element function begins with accumulation of definitive callose in the first-formed sieve elements.
- Taxon
- Robinia PseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Organ / stage
- first-formed sieve elementse1
- Compound
- definitive callosee1
- Outcome
- Cessation of functione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Robinia Pseudoacacia”
e1“Cessation of function begins with the accumulation of definitive callose in the first-formed sieve elements”
Claim · model-written summary
By late November all but the last-formed sieve elements are collapsed.
- Taxon
- Robinia PseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Organ / stage
- last-formed sieve elementse1
- Outcome
- sieve elements are collapsede1
- Value
- late Novembere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Robinia Pseudoacacia”
e1“By late November all but the last-formed sieve elements are collapsed”
Claim · model-written summary
All sieve elements are collapsed by mid-winter, before new phloem production resumes in spring.
- Taxon
- Robinia PseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Outcome
- All sieve elements are collapsede1
- Value
- mid-wintere1
- Qualifier
- before the resumption of new phloem production in springe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Robinia Pseudoacacia”
e1“All sieve elements are collapsed by mid-winter and before the resumption of new phloem production in spring”
Claim · model-written summary
Phloem differentiation precedes xylem differentiation by at least 1 week.
- Taxon
- Robinia PseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Outcome
- Phloem differentiatione1
- Value
- at least 1 weeke1
- Comparator
- xylem differentiatione1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Robinia Pseudoacacia”
e1“Phloem differentiation precedes xylem differentiation by at least 1 week”
Claim · model-written summary
Functional sieve elements are present about 3 weeks before new functional vessel elements.
- Taxon
- Robinia PseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Outcome
- functional sieve elements are presente1
- Value
- 3 weekse1
- Comparator
- new functional vessel elementse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Robinia Pseudoacacia”
e1“apparently functional sieve elements are present 3 weeks before new functional vessel elements”
Claim · model-written summary
Xylem and phloem production ends simultaneously in most trees.
- Taxon
- Robinia PseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Outcome
- Xylem and phloem production endse1
- Qualifier
- simultaneously in most treese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Robinia Pseudoacacia”
e1“Xylem and phloem production ends simultaneously in most trees”