Abstract
Annually burned tallgrass prairie is purported to be a nitrogen-limited system, especially when compared to unburned prairie. To test the hypothesis that legumes, potential nitrogen-fixers, would increase in relative abundance in annually burned sites, we assessed their density and biomass for two seasons on upland and lowland soils in annually burned and unburned watersheds. Total legume density was significantly higher in burned (8.0 ± 1.0 [SE] stems/m2) than in unburned watersheds (3.0 ± 0.3 stems/m2). Species with higher (P < 0.05) densities in burned than in unburned prairie included Amorpha canescens, Dalea candida, Dalea purpurea, Lespedeza violacea, Psoralea tenuiflora, and Schrankia nuttallii. Desmodium illinoense was the only legume that responded negatively to annual fire. Total legume biomass did not differ between burned (11.3 ± 1.3 g/m2) and unburned prairie (10.5 ± 0.9 g/m2). Biomass productions of Dalea candida and Psoralea tenuiflora were higher (P < 0.05) in burned than in unburned sites, but biomasses of other legumes were similar between burn treatments. Average individual stem masses of Amorpha canescens and Baptisia bracteata were significantly greater in unburned than in burned prairie. Legumes were affected differentially by topographic location. Total legume density was higher (P < 0.05) on lowland soils (6.6 ± 1.0 stems/m2) than on upland soils (4.3 ± 0.5 stems/m2). However, total legume biomass was not different between lowland soils (12.0 ± 1.2 g/m2) and upland soils (9.9 ± 1.0 g/m2). Densities and biomasses of Amorpha canescens, Desmodium illinoense, and Lespedeza capitata were higher on lowland sites than on upland sites, whereas densities and biomasses of Baptisia bracteata and Dalea purpurea were higher on upland than on lowland soils. Most legume species are either fire tolerant or exhibit a positive response to fire and their persistence in annually burned prairie suggests that they may play an important role in the nitrogen budget of this ecosystem.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Total legume density was higher in annually burned than in unburned tallgrass prairie.
Verbatim
t0“Biomass and Density Responses in Tallgrass Prairie Legumes to Annual Fire and Topographic Position”
e1“Total legume density was significantly higher in burned (8.0 ± 1.0 [SE] stems/m2) than in unburned watersheds (3.0 ± 0.3 stems/m2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Amorpha canescens, Dalea candida and Dalea purpurea had higher densities in burned than in unburned prairie.
- Taxon
- Amorpha canescens, Dalea candida, Dalea purpurea
Dalea purpurea.JPG?width=60)
Amorpha canescens
Dalea candidae2 - Treatment
- burnede2
- Outcome
- densitiese2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- unburned prairiee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e2“Species with higher (P < 0.05) densities in burned than in unburned prairie included Amorpha canescens, Dalea candida, Dalea purpurea, Lespedeza violacea, Psoralea tenuiflora, and Schrankia nuttallii”
Claim · model-written summary
Lespedeza violacea, Psoralea tenuiflora and Schrankia nuttallii had higher densities in burned than in unburned prairie.
Verbatim
e2“Species with higher (P < 0.05) densities in burned than in unburned prairie included Amorpha canescens, Dalea candida, Dalea purpurea, Lespedeza violacea, Psoralea tenuiflora, and Schrankia nuttallii”
Claim · model-written summary
Desmodium illinoense responded negatively to annual fire, the only legume to do so.
- Taxon
- Desmodium illinoense
_(5923889990).jpg?width=60)
Desmodium illinoensee3 - Treatment
- annual firee3
- Outcome
- respondede3
- Direction
- negativelye3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(5923889990).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e3“Desmodium illinoense was the only legume that responded negatively to annual fire”
Claim · model-written summary
Total legume biomass did not differ between burned and unburned tallgrass prairie.
Verbatim
t0“Biomass and Density Responses in Tallgrass Prairie Legumes to Annual Fire and Topographic Position”
e4“Total legume biomass did not differ between burned (11.3 ± 1.3 g/m2) and unburned prairie (10.5 ± 0.9 g/m2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass production of Dalea candida and Psoralea tenuiflora was higher in burned than in unburned sites.
- Taxon
- Dalea candida and Psoralea tenuiflora
Pediomelum tenuiflorumDalea candidae5 - Treatment
- burnede5
- Outcome
- Biomass productionse5
- Direction
- highere5
- Comparator
- unburned sitese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Biomass productions of Dalea candida and Psoralea tenuiflora were higher (P < 0.05) in burned than in unburned sites”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass of other legumes was similar between burn treatments.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e6“biomasses of other legumes were similar between burn treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Average individual stem masses of Amorpha canescens and Baptisia bracteata were greater in unburned than in burned prairie.
- Taxon
- Amorpha canescens and Baptisia bracteataAmorpha canescens
Baptisia bracteatae7 - Treatment
- unburnede7
- Outcome
- Average individual stem massese7
- Direction
- greatere7
- Comparator
- burned prairiee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Average individual stem masses of Amorpha canescens and Baptisia bracteata were significantly greater in unburned than in burned prairie”
Claim · model-written summary
Total legume density was higher on lowland soils than on upland soils in tallgrass prairie.
Verbatim
t0“Biomass and Density Responses in Tallgrass Prairie Legumes to Annual Fire and Topographic Position”
e0“Total legume density was higher (P < 0.05) on lowland soils (6.6 ± 1.0 stems/m2) than on upland soils (4.3 ± 0.5 stems/m2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total legume biomass was not different between lowland and upland soils in tallgrass prairie.
Verbatim
t0“Biomass and Density Responses in Tallgrass Prairie Legumes to Annual Fire and Topographic Position”
e1“However, total legume biomass was not different between lowland soils (12.0 ± 1.2 g/m2) and upland soils (9.9 ± 1.0 g/m2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Densities and biomasses of Amorpha canescens, Desmodium illinoense and Lespedeza capitata were higher on lowland sites than on upland sites.
- Taxon
- Amorpha canescens, Desmodium illinoense, and Lespedeza capitataAmorpha canescens
Lespedeza capitataDesmodium illinoensee2 - Treatment
- lowland sitese2
- Outcome
- Densities and biomassese2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- upland sitese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Densities and biomasses of Amorpha canescens, Desmodium illinoense, and Lespedeza capitata were higher on lowland sites than on upland sites”
Claim · model-written summary
Densities and biomasses of Baptisia bracteata and Dalea purpurea were higher on upland than on lowland soils.
- Taxon
- Baptisia bracteata and Dalea purpureaDalea purpureaBaptisia bracteatae3
- Treatment
- uplande3
- Outcome
- Densities and biomassese3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- lowland soilse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Densities and biomasses of Baptisia bracteata and Dalea purpurea were higher on upland than on lowland soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Most legume species show fire tolerance or a positive response to fire in annually burned prairie.
Verbatim
e4“Most legume species are either fire tolerant or exhibit a positive response to fire”
Claim · model-written summary
Persistence of legumes in annually burned prairie suggests they may play an important role in the nitrogen budget of this ecosystem.
Verbatim
e4“Most legume species are either fire tolerant or exhibit a positive response to fire”
e5“their persistence in annually burned prairie suggests that they may play an important role in the nitrogen budget of this ecosystem”