Abstract
Padalarang pulp and paper mill, a soda pulp and paper mill without chemical recovery, located near Bandung, Indonesia, discharges untreated effluent mixed with domestic waste water into surrounding rice fields. For more than 60 years, paddy has been harvested 3 times a year. An in-depth study to characterize the effluent, the soil and the biomass production was conducted to define the evidence. A field study using four experimental plots indicated that soil irrigated with effluent had a higher concentration of potassium, calcium, sodium ions and greater cation exchange capacity than near-by soil. Analysis of well water showed that the effluent had no effect on the ground water. A reduction of suspended solids and BOD occurred in the effluent while flowing through rice fields. The yields of paddy demonstrated significant positive effect of effluent either in dry or in rainy season, while zeolites as soil amendment did not give significant effect to the already high paddy crop yield.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Effluent-irrigated soil had higher potassium, calcium and sodium ion concentrations than nearby soil.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- effluente0
- Outcome
- concentration of potassium, calcium, sodium ionse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- near-by soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil irrigated with effluent had a higher concentration of potassium, calcium, sodium ions and greater cation exchange capacity than near-by soil.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Effluent-irrigated soil had greater cation exchange capacity than nearby soil.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- effluente0
- Outcome
- cation exchange capacitye0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- near-by soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil irrigated with effluent had a higher concentration of potassium, calcium, sodium ions and greater cation exchange capacity than near-by soil.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The effluent had no effect on groundwater in well-water analysis.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- effluente0
- Outcome
- ground watere0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Analysis of well water showed that the effluent had no effect on the ground water.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Suspended solids and BOD declined as effluent flowed through rice fields.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- suspended solids and BODe0
- Direction
- reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A reduction of suspended solids and BOD occurred in the effluent while flowing through rice fields.”
Claim · model-written summary
Effluent irrigation significantly increased paddy yield in both dry and rainy seasons.
- Taxon
- paddye0
- Treatment
- effluente0
- Outcome
- yields of paddye0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
- Qualifier
- either in dry or in rainy seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The yields of paddy demonstrated significant positive effect of effluent either in dry or in rainy season”
Claim · model-written summary
Zeolite soil amendment had no significant effect on the already high paddy yield.
- Taxon
- paddye0
- Treatment
- zeolites as soil amendmente0
- Outcome
- paddy crop yielde0
- Direction
- did not give significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“zeolites as soil amendment did not give significant effect to the already high paddy crop yield.”
The same questions in other papers
other · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 161 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
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See all 166 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.