Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of gibberellic acid on both concentration and time of application on the seed production ability of BU cauliflower-1. The experiment was conducted to determine seed production ability at five concentrations of GA3: G0 = Control, G1 = 100 ppm, G2 = 200 ppm, G3 = 300 ppm, G4 = 400 ppm, along with four application times at different growth stages including T1 = Foliar application at 3 weeks after planting, T2 = Foliar application at 4 weeks after planting, T3 = Foliar application at 5 weeks after planting and T4 = Foliar application at 6 weeks after planting. Results revealed that 200 ppm GA3 gave the highest plant height (44.05 cm), the number of primary (10.88) and secondary flowering branches (31.33), stalk length (79.53 cm), seeded pods per plant (465), pod length (4.975 cm), seeds per pod (10.87), seed yield per plant (16.16 g), seed yield (0.24 ton/ha), and weight of thousand seeds (4.826 g) with the earliest curd (51.02 days) and flower initiation (84.17 days). It also gave the highest net return (Tk. 4.7 lakh/ha) and benefit-cost ratio (4.34). GA3 application at 3 weeks after transplanting had the highest numbers of primary and secondary flowering branches, pods, seeded pods, and seed yield per plant. The treatment combination of G2T1 gave the earliest curd initiation (49.60 days), the highest number of secondary flowering branches (34.87), seed yield per plant (22.75 g), and seed yield (0.27 ton/h). In contrast, the G2T2 treatment resulted in the earliest flower initiation (81.77 days) with the highest pod length (5.20 cm), the number of pods per plant (707), and seeded pods per plant (507), and seeds per pod (11.30). Hence, 200 ppm GA3 applied three weeks after transplanting could be used as the best combination for cauliflower seed production with the highest net return and benefit-cost ratio. Enhancing seed yield is our ultimate goal; hence, we suggest 200 ppm GA3 three weeks after transplanting for increased cauliflower seed production with the highest return and benefit-cost ratio in the study area. As we performed the study in a particular location, we recommend multilocation trials in different agro-ecological regions to study the genotype–environment interaction for final confirmation of the results.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
At 200 ppm GA3, plant height was highest (44.05 cm).
- Taxon
- Cauliflower
Brassica oleracea var. botrytist0 - Treatment
- 200 ppm GA3e0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 44.05 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that 200 ppm GA3 gave the highest plant height (44.05 cm), the number of primary (10.88) and secondary flowering branches (31.33), stalk length (79.53 cm), seeded pods per plant (465), pod length (4.975 cm), seeds per pod (10.87), seed yield per plant (16.16 g), seed yield (0.24 ton/ha), and weight of thousand seeds (4.826 g) with the earliest curd (51.02 days) and flower initiation (84.17 days).”
t0“Cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
At 200 ppm GA3, primary was highest (10.88).
- Taxon
- CauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- 200 ppm GA3e0
- Outcome
- primarye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 10.88e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that 200 ppm GA3 gave the highest plant height (44.05 cm), the number of primary (10.88) and secondary flowering branches (31.33), stalk length (79.53 cm), seeded pods per plant (465), pod length (4.975 cm), seeds per pod (10.87), seed yield per plant (16.16 g), seed yield (0.24 ton/ha), and weight of thousand seeds (4.826 g) with the earliest curd (51.02 days) and flower initiation (84.17 days).”
t0“Cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
At 200 ppm GA3, secondary flowering branches was highest (31.33).
- Taxon
- CauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- 200 ppm GA3e0
- Outcome
- secondary flowering branchese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 31.33e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that 200 ppm GA3 gave the highest plant height (44.05 cm), the number of primary (10.88) and secondary flowering branches (31.33), stalk length (79.53 cm), seeded pods per plant (465), pod length (4.975 cm), seeds per pod (10.87), seed yield per plant (16.16 g), seed yield (0.24 ton/ha), and weight of thousand seeds (4.826 g) with the earliest curd (51.02 days) and flower initiation (84.17 days).”
t0“Cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
At 200 ppm GA3, stalk length was highest (79.53 cm).
- Taxon
- CauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- 200 ppm GA3e0
- Outcome
- stalk lengthe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 79.53 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that 200 ppm GA3 gave the highest plant height (44.05 cm), the number of primary (10.88) and secondary flowering branches (31.33), stalk length (79.53 cm), seeded pods per plant (465), pod length (4.975 cm), seeds per pod (10.87), seed yield per plant (16.16 g), seed yield (0.24 ton/ha), and weight of thousand seeds (4.826 g) with the earliest curd (51.02 days) and flower initiation (84.17 days).”
t0“Cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
At 200 ppm GA3, seeded pods per plant was highest (465).
- Taxon
- CauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- 200 ppm GA3e0
- Outcome
- seeded pods per plante0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 465e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that 200 ppm GA3 gave the highest plant height (44.05 cm), the number of primary (10.88) and secondary flowering branches (31.33), stalk length (79.53 cm), seeded pods per plant (465), pod length (4.975 cm), seeds per pod (10.87), seed yield per plant (16.16 g), seed yield (0.24 ton/ha), and weight of thousand seeds (4.826 g) with the earliest curd (51.02 days) and flower initiation (84.17 days).”
t0“Cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
At 200 ppm GA3, pod length was highest (4.975 cm).
- Taxon
- CauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- 200 ppm GA3e0
- Outcome
- pod lengthe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 4.975 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that 200 ppm GA3 gave the highest plant height (44.05 cm), the number of primary (10.88) and secondary flowering branches (31.33), stalk length (79.53 cm), seeded pods per plant (465), pod length (4.975 cm), seeds per pod (10.87), seed yield per plant (16.16 g), seed yield (0.24 ton/ha), and weight of thousand seeds (4.826 g) with the earliest curd (51.02 days) and flower initiation (84.17 days).”
t0“Cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
At 200 ppm GA3, seeds per pod was highest (10.87).
- Taxon
- CauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- 200 ppm GA3e0
- Outcome
- seeds per pode0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 10.87e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that 200 ppm GA3 gave the highest plant height (44.05 cm), the number of primary (10.88) and secondary flowering branches (31.33), stalk length (79.53 cm), seeded pods per plant (465), pod length (4.975 cm), seeds per pod (10.87), seed yield per plant (16.16 g), seed yield (0.24 ton/ha), and weight of thousand seeds (4.826 g) with the earliest curd (51.02 days) and flower initiation (84.17 days).”
t0“Cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
At 200 ppm GA3, seed yield per plant was highest (16.16 g).
- Taxon
- CauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- 200 ppm GA3e0
- Outcome
- seed yield per plante0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 16.16 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that 200 ppm GA3 gave the highest plant height (44.05 cm), the number of primary (10.88) and secondary flowering branches (31.33), stalk length (79.53 cm), seeded pods per plant (465), pod length (4.975 cm), seeds per pod (10.87), seed yield per plant (16.16 g), seed yield (0.24 ton/ha), and weight of thousand seeds (4.826 g) with the earliest curd (51.02 days) and flower initiation (84.17 days).”
t0“Cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
At 200 ppm GA3, seed yield was highest (0.24 ton/ha).
- Taxon
- CauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- 200 ppm GA3e0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 0.24 ton/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that 200 ppm GA3 gave the highest plant height (44.05 cm), the number of primary (10.88) and secondary flowering branches (31.33), stalk length (79.53 cm), seeded pods per plant (465), pod length (4.975 cm), seeds per pod (10.87), seed yield per plant (16.16 g), seed yield (0.24 ton/ha), and weight of thousand seeds (4.826 g) with the earliest curd (51.02 days) and flower initiation (84.17 days).”
t0“Cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
At 200 ppm GA3, weight of thousand seeds was highest (4.826 g).
- Taxon
- CauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- 200 ppm GA3e0
- Outcome
- weight of thousand seedse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 4.826 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that 200 ppm GA3 gave the highest plant height (44.05 cm), the number of primary (10.88) and secondary flowering branches (31.33), stalk length (79.53 cm), seeded pods per plant (465), pod length (4.975 cm), seeds per pod (10.87), seed yield per plant (16.16 g), seed yield (0.24 ton/ha), and weight of thousand seeds (4.826 g) with the earliest curd (51.02 days) and flower initiation (84.17 days).”
t0“Cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
At 200 ppm GA3, curd was earliest (51.02 days).
- Taxon
- CauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- 200 ppm GA3e0
- Outcome
- curde0
- Direction
- earlieste0
- Value
- 51.02 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that 200 ppm GA3 gave the highest plant height (44.05 cm), the number of primary (10.88) and secondary flowering branches (31.33), stalk length (79.53 cm), seeded pods per plant (465), pod length (4.975 cm), seeds per pod (10.87), seed yield per plant (16.16 g), seed yield (0.24 ton/ha), and weight of thousand seeds (4.826 g) with the earliest curd (51.02 days) and flower initiation (84.17 days).”
t0“Cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
At 200 ppm GA3, flower initiation was earliest (84.17 days).
- Taxon
- CauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- 200 ppm GA3e0
- Outcome
- flower initiatione0
- Direction
- earlieste0
- Value
- 84.17 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that 200 ppm GA3 gave the highest plant height (44.05 cm), the number of primary (10.88) and secondary flowering branches (31.33), stalk length (79.53 cm), seeded pods per plant (465), pod length (4.975 cm), seeds per pod (10.87), seed yield per plant (16.16 g), seed yield (0.24 ton/ha), and weight of thousand seeds (4.826 g) with the earliest curd (51.02 days) and flower initiation (84.17 days).”
t0“Cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
The 200 ppm GA3 treatment had the highest net return.
- Taxon
- CauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- 200 ppm GA3e1
- Outcome
- net returne0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- Tk. 4.7 lakh/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It also gave the highest net return (Tk. 4.7 lakh/ha) and benefit-cost ratio (4.34).”
e1“Results revealed that 200 ppm GA3 gave”
t0“Cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
The 200 ppm GA3 treatment had the highest benefit-cost ratio.
- Taxon
- CauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- 200 ppm GA3e1
- Outcome
- benefit-cost ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 4.34e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It also gave the highest net return (Tk. 4.7 lakh/ha) and benefit-cost ratio (4.34).”
e1“Results revealed that 200 ppm GA3 gave”
t0“Cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying GA3 at three weeks maximized flowering branches, pods, seeded pods, and seed yield per plant.
- Taxon
- CauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- GA3 application at 3 weeks after transplantinge0
- Outcome
- primary and secondary flowering branches, pods, seeded pods, and seed yield per plante0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA3 application at 3 weeks after transplanting had the highest numbers of primary and secondary flowering branches, pods, seeded pods, and seed yield per plant.”
t0“Cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
G2T1 gave earliest curd initiation (49.60 days).
- Taxon
- CauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- G2T1e0
- Outcome
- curd initiatione0
- Direction
- earlieste0
- Value
- 49.60 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment combination of G2T1 gave the earliest curd initiation (49.60 days), the highest number of secondary flowering branches (34.87), seed yield per plant (22.75 g), and seed yield (0.27 ton/h).”
t0“Cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
G2T1 gave highest secondary flowering branches (34.87).
- Taxon
- CauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- G2T1e0
- Outcome
- secondary flowering branchese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 34.87e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment combination of G2T1 gave the earliest curd initiation (49.60 days), the highest number of secondary flowering branches (34.87), seed yield per plant (22.75 g), and seed yield (0.27 ton/h).”
t0“Cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
G2T1 gave highest seed yield per plant (22.75 g).
- Taxon
- CauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- G2T1e0
- Outcome
- seed yield per plante0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 22.75 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment combination of G2T1 gave the earliest curd initiation (49.60 days), the highest number of secondary flowering branches (34.87), seed yield per plant (22.75 g), and seed yield (0.27 ton/h).”
t0“Cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
G2T1 gave highest seed yield (0.27 ton/h).
- Taxon
- CauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- G2T1e0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 0.27 ton/he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment combination of G2T1 gave the earliest curd initiation (49.60 days), the highest number of secondary flowering branches (34.87), seed yield per plant (22.75 g), and seed yield (0.27 ton/h).”
t0“Cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 200 ppm GA3 three weeks after transplanting for cauliflower seed production.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise0
- Outcome
- 200 ppm GA3 three weeks after transplanting for increased cauliflower seed productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we suggest 200 ppm GA3 three weeks after transplanting for increased cauliflower seed production with the highest return and benefit-cost ratio in the study area.”
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