Abstract
An increased planting density and decreased nitrogen (N) rate combination may obtain a stable yield and enhance N utilization. However, the effects of an increased planting density and decreased N rate combination on the yield and nutrient utilization in different ecological regions are unclear. The aim of this research was to assess the interactive impacts of the N rates and planting densities on double cropping rice yields and nutrient utilization in two ecological regions in field experiments during 2018 and 2019. The results showed that, at Shanggao, increased planting densities of 67% and 200% compensated for the biomass, nutrient uptake and yield losses from N application reductions of 20% and 27% and increased the nutrient utilization of the early and late seasons. However, at Xingguo, compared with the N2D1 treatment (165 kg ha−1 with 57 plants per m2), the late rice yield under the N1D2 treatment (120 kg ha−1 with 114 plants per m2) decreased by 6.71% and 5.02% in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The photosynthetic rate and nutrient uptake were likely related to the positive interaction on the double cropping rice yield in the two ecological regions. Our results indicate that dense planting is a feasible cultivation strategy to decrease N inputs for double cropping rice, but the low soil nutrient supplies negatively affect stable yields in different ecological regions.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
At Shanggao, denser planting compensated biomass losses from reduced nitrogen.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- increased planting densities of 67% and 200%e0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- compensatede0
- Setting
- Shanggaoe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at Shanggao, increased planting densities of 67% and 200% compensated for the biomass, nutrient uptake and yield losses from N application reductions of 20% and 27%”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
At Shanggao, denser planting compensated nutrient-uptake losses from reduced nitrogen.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- increased planting densities of 67% and 200%e0
- Outcome
- nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- compensatede0
- Setting
- Shanggaoe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at Shanggao, increased planting densities of 67% and 200% compensated for the biomass, nutrient uptake and yield losses from N application reductions of 20% and 27%”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
At Shanggao, denser planting compensated yield losses from reduced nitrogen.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- increased planting densities of 67% and 200%e0
- Outcome
- yield lossese0
- Direction
- compensatede0
- Setting
- Shanggaoe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at Shanggao, increased planting densities of 67% and 200% compensated for the biomass, nutrient uptake and yield losses from N application reductions of 20% and 27%”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
At Shanggao, denser planting increased early-season nutrient utilization.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the nutrient utilization of the early and late seasons”
e1“at Shanggao, increased planting densities of 67% and 200%”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
At Xingguo, N1D2 decreased late-rice yield 6.71% versus N2D1 in 2018.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- N1D2 treatment (120 kg ha−1 with 114 plants per m2)e0
- Outcome
- late rice yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 6.71%e0
- Qualifier
- 2018e0
- Comparator
- N2D1 treatmente0
- Setting
- Xingguoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at Xingguo, compared with the N2D1 treatment (165 kg ha−1 with 57 plants per m2), the late rice yield under the N1D2 treatment (120 kg ha−1 with 114 plants per m2) decreased by 6.71% and 5.02% in 2018 and 2019, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
At Xingguo, N1D2 decreased late-rice yield 5.02% versus N2D1 in 2019.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- N1D2 treatment (120 kg ha−1 with 114 plants per m2)e0
- Outcome
- late rice yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 5.02%e0
- Qualifier
- 2019e0
- Comparator
- N2D1 treatmente0
- Setting
- Xingguoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at Xingguo, compared with the N2D1 treatment (165 kg ha−1 with 57 plants per m2), the late rice yield under the N1D2 treatment (120 kg ha−1 with 114 plants per m2) decreased by 6.71% and 5.02% in 2018 and 2019, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthetic rate was likely related to the positive interaction on double-cropping rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- double cropping rice yielde0
- Qualifier
- likelye0
Not reportedOrgan / stageDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The photosynthetic rate and nutrient uptake were likely related to the positive interaction on the double cropping rice yield in the two ecological regions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient uptake was likely related to the positive interaction on double-cropping rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- double cropping rice yielde0
- Qualifier
- likelye0
Not reportedOrgan / stageDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The photosynthetic rate and nutrient uptake were likely related to the positive interaction on the double cropping rice yield in the two ecological regions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend dense planting to reduce nitrogen inputs for double-cropping rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- dense planting is a feasible cultivation strategy to decrease N inputse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dense planting is a feasible cultivation strategy to decrease N inputs for double cropping rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Low soil nutrient supplies negatively affect stable yields across ecological regions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- stable yieldse0
- Direction
- negatively affecte0
- Setting
- different ecological regionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the low soil nutrient supplies negatively affect stable yields in different ecological regions”
t0“rice”
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