Abstract
Pot experiments were performed throughout two winter seasons of (2019/2020) and (2020/2021) at the greenhouse of National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt. The experiment was performed to evaluate the bio-herbicidal potentiality of aqueous extract of root and leaf of red radish at 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5% and compare them to mixed two chemical herbicides (Topik 240 EC (Clodinafop-Propargyl) and broad weed Basagran (Bentazon 48 EC)) at recommended doses 140 g fed-1 and 1 L fed-1, respectively) in controlling weeds (Phalaris minor and Malva parviflora) associated with lupine plants. Results show that the dry weight of the two weeds under investigation was significantly reduced by all applied aqueous extracts (either radish root or leaf). Leaf aqueous extract was more effective than root aqueous extract in controlling weeds. It is worthy to mention that the two mixed applied herbicides gave complete eradication of both weeds. In addition, all applied aqueous extracts significantly increased growth, photosynthetic pigments, seed yield and yield components of lupine plants. The inhibitory effect of radish aqueous extracts on weeds or its stimulatory effect on lupine plants was increased by increasing concentration of the extracts. The leaf aqueous extract and root aqueous extract at 4.5% were the most optimum treatments in increasing growth and seed yield of lupine accompanied by the highest decrease in weed dry weight relative to unweeded treatment. The results suggested using the aqueous extracts of radish leaf and root especially at highest concentration (4.5%) in controlling weeds associated with lupine plants.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Red radish root aqueous extract significantly reduced dry weight of both weeds.
- Taxon
- lupine plantse1
- Treatment
- radish roote0
- Interactor
- Phalaris minor and Malva parviflora
_Malva_parviflora_-_Habitus.jpg?width=60)
Malva parviflora.jpg?width=60)
Phalaris minore1weed - Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Malva_parviflora_-_Habitus.jpg?width=500)
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“dry weight of the two weeds under investigation was significantly reduced by all applied aqueous extracts (either radish root or leaf)”
e1“weeds (Phalaris minor and Malva parviflora) associated with lupine plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Red radish leaf aqueous extract significantly reduced dry weight of both weeds.
- Taxon
- lupine plantse1
- Treatment
- radish root or leafe0
- Interactor
- Phalaris minor and Malva parvifloraMalva parvifloraPhalaris minore1weed
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry weight of the two weeds under investigation was significantly reduced by all applied aqueous extracts (either radish root or leaf)”
e1“weeds (Phalaris minor and Malva parviflora) associated with lupine plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf aqueous extract controlled weeds more effectively than root aqueous extract.
- Taxon
- lupine plantse1
- Treatment
- Leaf aqueous extracte0
- Interactor
- Phalaris minor and Malva parvifloraMalva parvifloraPhalaris minore1weed
- Outcome
- controlling weedse0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- root aqueous extracte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf aqueous extract was more effective than root aqueous extract in controlling weeds.”
e1“weeds (Phalaris minor and Malva parviflora) associated with lupine plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The mixed herbicides completely eradicated both weeds.
- Taxon
- lupine plantse1
- Treatment
- two mixed applied herbicidese0
- Interactor
- Phalaris minor and Malva parvifloraMalva parvifloraPhalaris minore1weed
- Outcome
- eradication of both weedse0
- Direction
- complete eradicatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the two mixed applied herbicides gave complete eradication of both weeds”
e1“weeds (Phalaris minor and Malva parviflora) associated with lupine plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Radish aqueous extracts significantly increased lupine growth.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“all applied aqueous extracts significantly increased growth, photosynthetic pigments, seed yield and yield components of lupine plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Radish aqueous extracts significantly increased lupine photosynthetic pigments.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“all applied aqueous extracts significantly increased growth, photosynthetic pigments, seed yield and yield components of lupine plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Radish aqueous extracts significantly increased lupine seed yield.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“all applied aqueous extracts significantly increased growth, photosynthetic pigments, seed yield and yield components of lupine plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Radish aqueous extracts significantly increased lupine yield components.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“all applied aqueous extracts significantly increased growth, photosynthetic pigments, seed yield and yield components of lupine plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher extract concentration increased weed inhibition.
- Taxon
- lupine plantse1
- Treatment
- radish aqueous extractse0
- Interactor
- Phalaris minor and Malva parvifloraMalva parvifloraPhalaris minore1weed
- Outcome
- inhibitory effecte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inhibitory effect of radish aqueous extracts on weeds or its stimulatory effect on lupine plants was increased by increasing concentration of the extracts.”
e1“weeds (Phalaris minor and Malva parviflora) associated with lupine plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher extract concentration increased lupine stimulation.
Verbatim
e0“The inhibitory effect of radish aqueous extracts on weeds or its stimulatory effect on lupine plants was increased by increasing concentration of the extracts.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 4.5%, leaf aqueous extract gave maximal lupine growth and seed yield relative to unweeded treatment.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf aqueous extract and root aqueous extract at 4.5% were the most optimum treatments in increasing growth and seed yield of lupine accompanied by the highest decrease in weed dry weight relative to unweeded treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 4.5%, root aqueous extract gave maximal lupine growth and seed yield relative to unweeded treatment.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf aqueous extract and root aqueous extract at 4.5% were the most optimum treatments in increasing growth and seed yield of lupine accompanied by the highest decrease in weed dry weight relative to unweeded treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 4.5%, leaf extract produced the highest decrease in weed dry weight relative to unweeded treatment.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf aqueous extract and root aqueous extract at 4.5% were the most optimum treatments in increasing growth and seed yield of lupine accompanied by the highest decrease in weed dry weight relative to unweeded treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 4.5%, root extract produced the highest decrease in weed dry weight relative to unweeded treatment.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf aqueous extract and root aqueous extract at 4.5% were the most optimum treatments in increasing growth and seed yield of lupine accompanied by the highest decrease in weed dry weight relative to unweeded treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend red radish leaf and root extracts at 4.5% for weed control in lupine.
Verbatim
e0“The results suggested using the aqueous extracts of radish leaf and root especially at highest concentration (4.5%) in controlling weeds associated with lupine plants.”