Abstract
Late blight of potato caused by Phytophthora infestans is one of the most damaging diseases affecting potato production worldwide. We screened 357 root fungal endophytes isolated from four solanaceous plant species obtained from Kenya regarding their in vitro antagonistic activity against the potato late blight pathogen and evaluated their performance in planta. Preliminary in vitro tests revealed that 46 of these isolates showed potential activity against the pathogen. Based on their ITS-sequences, 37 out of 46 endophytes were identified to species level, three isolates were connected to higher taxa (phylum or genus), while two remained unidentified. Confrontation assays, as well as assays for volatile or diffusible organic compounds, resulted in the selection of three endophytes (KB1S1-4, KA2S1-42, and KB2S2-15) with a pronounced inhibitory activity against P. infestans. All three isolates produce volatile organic compounds that inhibit mycelial growth of P. infestans by up to 48.9%. The addition of 5% extracts obtained from KB2S2-15 or KA2S1-42 to P. infestans sporangia entirely suppressed their germination. A slightly lower inhibition (69%) was achieved using extract from KB1S1-4. Moreover, late blight symptoms and the mycelial growth of P. infestans were completely suppressed when leaflets were pre-treated with a 5% extract from these endophytes. This might suggest the implementation of such biocontrol candidates or their fungicidal compounds in late blight control strategies.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Forty-six endophyte isolates showed potential antagonistic activity.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Interactor
- Phytophthora infestans
Phytophthora infestanst0pathogen - Outcome
- potential activity against the pathogene0
- Value
- 46e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“46 of these isolates showed potential activity against the pathogen”
t0“Potato Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans)”
Claim · model-written summary
Of 46 endophytes, 37 were identified to species level.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- identified to species levele0
- Value
- 37 out of 46e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“37 out of 46 endophytes were identified to species level”
t0“Potato Late Blight”
Claim · model-written summary
Three isolates were assigned to higher taxa.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- connected to higher taxae0
- Value
- three isolatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three isolates were connected to higher taxa (phylum or genus)”
t0“Potato Late Blight”
Claim · model-written summary
Two isolates remained unidentified.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- unidentifiede0
- Value
- twoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two remained unidentified”
t0“Potato Late Blight”
Claim · model-written summary
KB1S1-4, KA2S1-42, and KB2S2-15 showed pronounced inhibition of P. infestans.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- KB1S1-4, KA2S1-42, and KB2S2-15e0
- Interactor
- P. infestansPhytophthora infestanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibitory activity against P. infestanse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three endophytes (KB1S1-4, KA2S1-42, and KB2S2-15) with a pronounced inhibitory activity against P. infestans”
t0“Potato Late Blight”
Claim · model-written summary
Volatiles from all three isolates inhibited P. infestans mycelial growth by up to 48.9%.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- volatile organic compoundse0
- Interactor
- P. infestansPhytophthora infestanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- mycelial growth of P. infestanse0
- Direction
- inhibite0
- Value
- 48.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All three isolates produce volatile organic compounds that inhibit mycelial growth of P. infestans by up to 48.9%”
t0“Potato Late Blight”
Claim · model-written summary
A 5% KB2S2-15 extract completely suppressed P. infestans sporangial germination.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- 5% extracts obtained from KB2S2-15e0
- Interactor
- P. infestansPhytophthora infestanse0pathogen
- Second interactor
- KB2S2-15e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- P. infestans sporangia entirely suppressed their germinatione0
- Direction
- entirely suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of 5% extracts obtained from KB2S2-15 or KA2S1-42 to P. infestans sporangia entirely suppressed their germination”
t0“Potato Late Blight”
Claim · model-written summary
A 5% KA2S1-42 extract completely suppressed P. infestans sporangial germination.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- 5% extracts obtained from KB2S2-15 or KA2S1-42e0
- Interactor
- P. infestansPhytophthora infestanse0pathogen
- Second interactor
- KA2S1-42e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- P. infestans sporangia entirely suppressed their germinatione0
- Direction
- entirely suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of 5% extracts obtained from KB2S2-15 or KA2S1-42 to P. infestans sporangia entirely suppressed their germination”
t0“Potato Late Blight”
Claim · model-written summary
KB1S1-4 extract inhibited P. infestans sporangial germination by 69%.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- extract from KB1S1-4e0
- Interactor
- P. infestansPhytophthora infestanse2pathogen
- Second interactor
- KB1S1-4e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- P. infestans sporangiae2
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 69%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A slightly lower inhibition (69%) was achieved using extract from KB1S1-4”
t0“Potato Late Blight”
e2“The addition of 5% extracts obtained from KB2S2-15 or KA2S1-42 to P. infestans sporangia entirely suppressed their germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophyte extract pretreatment completely suppressed late blight symptoms in leaflets.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Organ / stage
- leafletse0
- Treatment
- pre-treated with a 5% extract from these endophytese0
- Interactor
- P. infestansPhytophthora infestanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- late blight symptomse0
- Direction
- completely suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“late blight symptoms and the mycelial growth of P. infestans were completely suppressed when leaflets were pre-treated with a 5% extract from these endophytes”
t0“Potato Late Blight”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophyte extract pretreatment completely suppressed P. infestans mycelial growth on leaflets.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Organ / stage
- leafletse0
- Treatment
- pre-treated with a 5% extract from these endophytese0
- Interactor
- P. infestansPhytophthora infestanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- mycelial growth of P. infestanse0
- Direction
- completely suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“late blight symptoms and the mycelial growth of P. infestans were completely suppressed when leaflets were pre-treated with a 5% extract from these endophytes”
t0“Potato Late Blight”
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